English Grammar: Cohesive Devices

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cohesive devices in writing?

To allow writers to randomly insert words or phrases for stylistic effect.
To ensure sentences and paragraphs connect logically, creating a unified and understandable text. (correct)
To complicate the reading experience by introducing sophisticated vocabulary.
Replace all complex vocabulary

Which outcome is most likely to occur in a text that lacks cohesive devices?

The text becomes more concise, focusing solely on essential information by removing redundancies.
The text becomes disjointed, leading to potential misunderstandings and difficulty for the reader. (correct)
The text will rely more on the reader's existing knowledge, making it more engaging for experts in the field.
The text appears less formal, resembling a casual conversation.

A legal document contains several paragraphs each presenting different aspects of a case. How would the effective use of cohesive devices affect the document?

Each paragraph would stand alone as an isolated argument, requiring intense scrutiny of each section independently.
The document would become more persuasive by emphasizing the individuality and uniqueness of each argument.
The document would become shorter and more concise, with each detail presented in isolation.
The arguments would be easier to follow because it would create a clear, logical progression of ideas, strengthening the overall case. (correct)

Why is it important for legal professionals to understand and utilize cohesive devices in their writing?

To ensure accuracy and precision, leaving no room for ambiguity or misinterpretation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Draft a revision of the following sentence using cohesive devices to improve its flow and clarity: 'The defendant claims innocence. Evidence suggests otherwise.'

"The defendant claims innocence; nevertheless, evidence suggests otherwise." (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence demonstrates the correct usage of modal verbs, considering subject-verb agreement and verb form?

We should submit our findings before the deadline. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the modal verb 'must' most appropriately used to convey a strong sense of necessity?

You must consider all the evidence before making a judgment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence accurately uses a modal verb to express a probability of less than 50%?

He may be innocent, but the evidence is inconclusive. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstances is the modal verb 'ought to' most appropriately used?

To express a moral obligation or duty. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences demonstrates the usage of a modal verb to express prohibition?

You must not disclose confidential information. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of legal advice, which sentence correctly uses a modal verb to express an obligation?

Lawyers should provide the best legal advice to their clients. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the usage of 'must' differ in expressing certainty versus expressing necessity or obligation?

'Must' can indicate near certainty (95%) based on strong evidence, whereas it indicates necessity in directives. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies the use of a modal verb to seek permission in a formal setting?

May I call the first witness? (B) Signup and view all the answers

In converting direct speech to indirect speech, which transformation accurately reflects the change in time adverbials?

'The day before yesterday' becomes 'two days before'. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Under what specific condition can the adverb 'here' be transformed into 'there' when converting direct speech into indirect speech?

When it is clear what place is being referred to. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options accurately describes the grammatical changes that occur when transforming a direct question into indirect speech?

The interrogative form changes to affirmative form, and the question mark is omitted. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When reporting a question that lacks an interrogative word (like who, what, where, etc.), which of the following is the most suitable introductory conjunction?

If / Whether (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence demonstrates the correct punctuation when an adverb clause precedes an independent clause?

Since the defendant had a strong alibi, the judge dismissed the case. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of a question word (when, where, who, etc.) at the beginning of a direct question influence its transformation into indirect speech?

The question word is repeated in the indirect question. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which verb form typically follows verbs like advise, ask, beg, command, encourage, instruct, forbid, invite, order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, and warn when reporting commands, requests, advice, or reminders?

To + base form of the verb (infinitive) (B) Signup and view all the answers

In converting the direct speech question, "Did you utter the defamatory words?" to indirect speech, which of the following is the most accurate transformation?

He asked the lady whether she had uttered the defamatory words. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does an adjective clause primarily function within a sentence?

It modifies a noun or pronoun. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which choice accurately identifies the function of the noun clause in the following sentence: 'Whether the treaty will be ratified remains uncertain.'?

Subject (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which introductory verb is most suitable when reporting a statement to a specific individual, as opposed to making a general announcement?

Told. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the use of 'have to' to indicate a lack of necessity?

In contract law, the offeror does not have to accept the offeree's counteroffer. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A lawyer states, 'You must review the contract thoroughly.' How would one report this using a verb of command or advice?

He advised his client to review the contract thoroughly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the sentence that correctly uses a subordinate clause to indicate purpose or result.

The law was amended so that it would protect consumer rights. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A judge says to a lawyer, 'Ensure all evidence is submitted by Friday.' Which of the following best captures the reported command?

The judge ordered the lawyer to ensure all evidence was submitted by Friday. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is 'will' used to express a high degree of certainty regarding an outcome?

With compelling evidence and a skilled barrister, the claimant will likely succeed in their lawsuit. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate transformation of the direct speech, "I’ll testify as a witness tomorrow," into indirect speech?

He said that he would testify as a witness the next day. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Select the sentence that contains an adjective clause using a relative pronoun to indicate possession.

The suspect, whose alibi was airtight, was released. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of reporting a suggestion?

"Why don't we adjourn for the day?" She suggested adjourning for the day. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a legal context, if someone states, "The accused is going to plead guilty in the trial next week," which indirect speech version most accurately conveys this statement?

The lawyer said that the accused was going to plead guilty in the trial the following week. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences uses 'can' to express informal permission?

Can I examine the evidence presented by the prosecution? (A) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the compound-complex sentence among the following options.

The judge gave instructions, and the jury deliberated until they reached a verdict because the evidence was compelling. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance is 'could' most appropriately used to indicate a possibility of less than 50% certainty?

The appellate court could overturn the previous ruling based on new evidence. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the sentence that correctly reports a warning using the appropriate verb and structure.

"You had better not breach the contract," the solicitor warned her client to not breach the contract. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences contains a correctly structured noun clause functioning as an object?

The judge considered that the evidence was circumstantial. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately describes the primary function of modal auxiliaries in English?

To express speaker's moods or attitudes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence exemplifies the use of 'would' to express a preference?

The company would rather settle out of court than risk a lengthy trial. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what context is 'shall' most appropriately used to make a polite suggestion?

Shall we begin the deposition? (B) Signup and view all the answers

A legal expert mentioned, 'The judge might consider the new evidence.' How does the modal auxiliary 'might' function in this sentence?

Conveying possibility or uncertainty (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the sentence that uses a subordinate clause to express a condition contrary to fact.

If he had followed the law, he wouldn't be in this situation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following choices gives the best definition of a simple sentence?

A sentence that expresses a complete thought with a subject and a predicate. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of why simple sentences, while useful, are limited in legal writing?

They cannot effectively convey complex relationships and nuanced legal arguments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cohesive devices

Words or phrases that join sentences and paragraphs for unity.

Purpose of cohesive devices

To indicate relationships between ideas and achieve smooth flow.