Cohesive Devices Flashcards

Lexical Cohesion (Reiteration)

• Reiteration involves restating explicit items to maintain focus and clarity for the reader.
• Types of reiteration include repetition, synonyms, superordinates, and general nouns.
• Repetition example: "The love of Art is almost universal." (Art repeated).
• Synonym example: "Myths narrate interesting events. These 'Traditional Narratives' are..." (events and narratives).
• Superordinate example: "The bug is squashed. Poor 'Insect'." (bug to insect).
• General noun example: "Some dogs get put down. Poor 'Things'." (dogs to things).

Reference (Backward or Forward)

• Pronouns like this, that, he, she help refer back to previously mentioned items.
• Three categories of references: personal (I, me), demonstrative (this, those), and comparative (such, similar to).
• Example of back reference: "When scientific experiments do not work out as expected, they are often considered failures."
• Forward reference example: "John goes fishing every other week. HE is a very good fisherman."

Conjunction (Discourse Markers)

• Transitional words help indicate relationships between sentences and provide logical order.
• Common discourse markers include however, therefore, in addition, but, and moreover.

Sentence Patterns

• Repeated or parallel sentence patterns assist readers in following along and connecting ideas.
• Example of effective pattern usage: "And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country."

Texture

• Texture is a feature that unifies text through cohesion (connection among words) and coherence (logical flow of ideas).

Substitution/Ellipsis

• Substitution replaces one item in a text to avoid repetition, enhancing cohesion.
• Example of substitution: "They hop as frogs DO." (avoiding repeat of hop).
• Ellipsis involves omission, where the reader infers the missing information from context.
• Example of ellipsis: "He reached out as far as he could [reach]."

Lexical Cohesion (Collocation)

• Collocation refers to words that frequently occur together in a specific context, enhancing cohesion.
• Examples include pairs like computer/byte, doctor/medicine, and beach/sand.
• Relevant vocabulary linkage example: "Water warning in Angkor ruins..." connects with terms like masonry structures and hydraulic engineering.

Definition of Lexical Cohesion

• Lexical cohesive ties are semantic connections based on meaning.
• Main groups: collocation and reiteration, both crucial for developing cohesive text.