English Grammar Basics

Study Notes

Present simple tense: used to describe habits, routines, and universal truths
- Formation: subject + verb (base form)
- Examples: I go to school, She eats breakfast at 8am
Present continuous tense: used to describe actions in progress
- Formation: subject + is/am/are + verb (ing form)
- Examples: I am studying English, They are playing football
Basic sentence structures:
- Statement: Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
- Question: Aux. Verb + Subject + Verb + Object
- Negative sentence: Subject + do/does not + Verb

Common topics: family, friends, hobbies, food, travel, daily routines
Basic vocabulary:
- Introductions: What's your name?, Where are you from?
- Greetings: Hello, Goodbye, Good morning
- Emotions: happy, sad, angry, surprised
- Food: breakfast, lunch, dinner, fruits, vegetables
Word formation:
- Plurals: cat -> cats, dog -> dogs
- Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its

Types of listening exercises:
- Multiple choice: choose the correct answer
- Short answers: write a short answer to a question
- Sentence completion: complete a sentence with the correct word
Tips for listening exercises:
- Listen carefully to the audio
- Focus on the main idea and key words
- Don't worry if you don't understand every word

Writing formats:
- Short paragraphs (5-7 sentences)
- Filling in the blanks
- Writing a short message or email
Writing tips:
- Use simple sentence structures and vocabulary
- Focus on the topic and main idea
- Use basic punctuation and capitalization

Types of texts:
- Short articles
- Notices and signs
- Short stories
Reading strategies:
- Skim the text to understand the main idea
- Focus on key words and phrases
- Use context to understand unknown vocabulary

Present simple tense is used to describe habits, routines, and universal truths
Formation of present simple tense is subject + verb (base form)
Examples of present simple tense include: I go to school, She eats breakfast at 8am
Present continuous tense is used to describe actions in progress
Formation of present continuous tense is subject + is/am/are + verb (ing form)
Examples of present continuous tense include: I am studying English, They are playing football
Basic sentence structures include:
- Statement: Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
- Question: Aux.Verb + Subject + Verb + Object
- Negative sentence: Subject + do/does not + Verb

Common topics include family, friends, hobbies, food, travel, and daily routines
Basic vocabulary includes:
- Introductions: What's your name?, Where are you from?
- Greetings: Hello, Goodbye, Good morning
- Emotions: happy, sad, angry, surprised
- Food: breakfast, lunch, dinner, fruits, vegetables
Word formation includes:
- Plurals: cat -> cats, dog -> dogs
- Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its

Types of listening exercises include:
- Multiple choice: choose the correct answer
- Short answers: write a short answer to a question
- Sentence completion: complete a sentence with the correct word
Tips for listening exercises include:
- Listen carefully to the audio
- Focus on the main idea and key words
- Don't worry if you don't understand every word

Writing formats include:
- Short paragraphs (5-7 sentences)
- Filling in the blanks
- Writing a short message or email
Writing tips include:
- Use simple sentence structures and vocabulary
- Focus on the topic and main idea
- Use basic punctuation and capitalization

Types of texts include:
- Short articles
- Notices and signs
- Short stories
Reading strategies include:
- Skim the text to understand the main idea
- Focus on key words and phrases
- Use context to understand unknown vocabulary