English Language History and Grammar

English Language

History

• Originated from Germanic languages spoken by Anglo-Saxons in England
• Influenced by Latin, Greek, and French during the Norman Conquest
• Evolved into Middle English (circa 1100-1500) and Early Modern English (circa 1500-1800)

Grammar

• Basic sentence structure: Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)
• Tenses:
  • Present (e.g., I go)
  • Past (e.g., I went)
  • Future (e.g., I will go)
  • Past perfect (e.g., I had gone)
  • Future perfect (e.g., I will have gone)
• Verb forms:
  • Base form (e.g., go)
  • -ing form (e.g., going)
  • Past tense (e.g., went)
  • Past participle (e.g., gone)

Vocabulary

• Core vocabulary: Germanic words (e.g., house, water, father)
• Loanwords: borrowed from other languages (e.g., Latin: captain, Greek: philosophy, French: buffet)
• Neologisms: new words created to describe modern concepts (e.g., selfie, hashtag)

Dialects and Variations

• Regional dialects: differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar across regions (e.g., American English, British English, Australian English)
• Social dialects: variations based on social class, ethnicity, and occupation (e.g., African American Vernacular English, Cockney Rhyming Slang)
• Register: formal or informal language used in different contexts (e.g., formal: news anchor, informal: social media)

Literacy and Literature

• Alphabetic script: 26 letters adapted from Latin alphabet
• Orthography: standardized spelling system
• Literary movements: Renaissance, Romanticism, Modernism, Postmodernism
• Notable authors: William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, J.K. Rowling

History of English Language

• Originated from Germanic languages spoken by Anglo-Saxons in England
• Influenced by Latin, Greek, and French during the Norman Conquest
• Evolved into Middle English (circa 1100-1500) and Early Modern English (circa 1500-1800)

Grammar

• Basic sentence structure: Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)
• Tenses:
  • Present (e.g., I go)
  • Past (e.g., I went)
  • Future (e.g., I will go)
  • Past perfect (e.g., I had gone)
  • Future perfect (e.g., I will have gone)
• Verb forms:
  • Base form (e.g., go)
  • -ing form (e.g., going)
  • Past tense (e.g., went)
  • Past participle (e.g., gone)

Vocabulary

• Core vocabulary: Germanic words (e.g., house, water, father)
• Loanwords: borrowed from other languages (e.g., Latin: captain, Greek: philosophy, French: buffet)
• Neologisms: new words created to describe modern concepts (e.g., selfie, hashtag)

Dialects and Variations

• Regional dialects: differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar across regions (e.g., American English, British English, Australian English)
• Social dialects: variations based on social class, ethnicity, and occupation (e.g., African American Vernacular English, Cockney Rhyming Slang)
• Register: formal or informal language used in different contexts (e.g., formal: news anchor, informal: social media)

Literacy and Literature

• Alphabetic script: 26 letters adapted from Latin alphabet
• Orthography: standardized spelling system
• Literary movements:
  • Renaissance
  • Romanticism
  • Modernism
  • Postmodernism
• Notable authors:
  • William Shakespeare
  • Jane Austen
  • Charles Dickens
  • J.K. Rowling