English for Academic Purposes - Position Paper

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of viral infections in the workplace according to the provided information?

  • External hard drives
  • Network connections
  • Email attachments
  • Disks from home (correct)

What percentage of viral infections cannot be determined according to the content?

  • 10%
  • 30% (correct)
  • 40%
  • 20%

Which section of a report summarizes the main points and conclusions drawn from the survey?

  • Executive Summary (correct)
  • Survey Method
  • Appendices
  • Background and Objectives

What does the 'Survey Method' section explain?

<p>How the study was conducted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic about survey participants is specifically mentioned as important to define?

<p>Their gender and age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest is a method to prevent antiviral infections from disks brought to work?

<p>Mandatory antivirus software on diskettes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section covers the characteristics of the survey's sample size?

<p>Background and Objectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective method of selecting participants mentioned in the survey methodology?

<p>Random selection or purposeful selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a counterclaim in a position paper?

<p>To acknowledge the validity of opposing views. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the refutation in a position paper?

<p>Demonstration of weaknesses in the opposing argument. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes a position paper debatable?

<p>It presents multiple perspectives or opinions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the introduction of a position paper?

<p>A brief introduction to the country and its relevant history. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a position paper, what is the role of the thesis statement?

<p>It states the writer's stand on an issue clearly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'concession' in the context of a position paper?

<p>It recognizes that the opposing argument may have some validity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a strong claim in a position paper require?

<p>A complete and clear statement in a single sentence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The opposition section in a position paper is primarily meant to?

<p>Explain and analyze the counterarguments thoroughly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting a survey?

<p>To gather information for a specific goal or understanding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question is NOT typically used in surveys?

<p>Essay questions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of survey methodology, what does the 'study population' refer to?

<p>The specific demographic group being analyzed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information might be included in the results section of a survey?

<p>Graphs and charts representing data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the results of a new survey be effectively compared to previous studies?

<p>By aligning demographics and survey questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is commonly gathered through a survey?

<p>Daily routines and dietary practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of comparing new survey results with previous research?

<p>To identify gaps in current knowledge or conflicting data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the methodology section of a survey describe?

<p>The process of how the survey was conducted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of researchers studying user interactions with online stores?

<p>Understanding very specific behaviors or limited sets of interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to analyze user engagement on e-commerce platforms?

<p>Dwell times in store sections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using instruments for tracking user behavior in online stores?

<p>It is easy to replicate and test for reliability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is A/B testing primarily designed to measure?

<p>The differences in user engagement across marketing campaigns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology can be used in a laboratory setting to observe user interactions?

<p>Eye-tracking technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'generalizability' refer to in research studies?

<p>The ability to apply findings from one study to other situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which context is a laboratory report typically used?

<p>To document observations from laboratory experiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does online observation provide for researchers compared to traditional methods?

<p>It is less time-consuming and can collect multiple observations quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nonparticipant observation?

<p>To minimize researcher biases and reveal true behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the physical setting should be documented during observation?

<p>The human use and arrangement of the space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines overt research?

<p>The purpose of the research is made clear to participants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an observational study, which behavior cycle detail is most important to record?

<p>The time and order in which behaviors occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using covert observation?

<p>Observers can collect data without being noticed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should an observer focus on when documenting cultural artifacts?

<p>The beliefs and values represented by the objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to note the physical characteristics of subjects during an observation?

<p>To understand demographic influences on behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of nonparticipant observation?

<p>It can introduce biases from the observer's perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of presentation aids in an experiment?

<p>To establish connection between results and theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics enhances the effectiveness of presentation aids?

<p>Knowledge about the tools used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect to consider when creating presentation content?

<p>Make it appealing and interesting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of conclusions, what should be included?

<p>A brief summary of the introduction, procedure, results, and discussions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to use a combination of different types of presentation aids?

<p>To avoid monotony and keep the audience engaged (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the presentation materials primarily focus on?

<p>Relevant content directly related to the work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do references play in an experiment's report?

<p>They enumerate the sources that informed the experiment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the introduction of an experiment achieve?

<p>To introduce the objectives and initial theories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Position Paper

An argumentative writing piece to discuss a writer's stance on an issue.

Debatable

Different perspectives or opinions exist on a topic.

Clear Stand

Clearly stating your position on the issue in the thesis statement.

Claim/Stand

The writer's position on the issue, presented as a complete sentence.

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Counterclaim/Counterargument

The opposing view to the main argument.

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Concession

Acknowledging some validity in the opposing argument.

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Refutation

Showing why the opposing argument is weak or biased.

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Introduction

Initial section explaining the country's history, committee, and the topic.

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Viral infection sources

Places where viral infections originate, often workplace disks brought from home.

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Undetermined infections

A significant portion(nearly 30%) of viral infections whose source cannot be identified.

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Data loss vulnerability

Businesses are at risk of losing data due to unidentified sources of infection.

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Executive Summary

Concise summary of report's key points, including purpose, results, conclusions, and recommendations.

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Survey Methodology

Detailed explanation of how the survey was conducted, including sample selection, survey method, and participant characteristics.

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Survey Purpose

The reason for conducting the survey, outlining the specific objectives.

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Survey Results

The findings and data collected from the survey.

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Background and Objectives

Sets up the survey's context; explains why the survey was necessary and its goals.

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Survey's Target Population

The specific group of people being studied in the survey. This could be based on age, culture, religion, political beliefs, or other shared characteristics.

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Variables in a Survey

The specific things the survey is trying to study. It could be looking for relationships between two ideas or exploring how one factor influences another.

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Survey Questions

The specific questions asked in the survey. These can be multiple choice, interview questions, or rating scales like Likert scales.

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Compare Survey Results

Comparing your survey's findings with existing research and studies on the topic.

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Contribution to Existing Knowledge

Describing how your survey's results add new information or insights to the existing knowledge about the topic.

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Observer's Position

The location of the observer in a nonparticipant observation. Usually situated on the sidelines, observing the group's activities.

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Nonparticipant Observation

A research method where the observer doesn't actively participate in the group's actions. It helps reduce researcher bias and reveals differences between stated and actual behavior.

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Physical Setting Documentation

Recording details about the physical environment where observations take place. This includes space, arrangement of objects, and how the space is utilized.

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Cultural Artifacts

Objects or symbols reflecting the beliefs, values, and ideas of the observed individuals. Their presence and placement influence behavior.

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Behavior Cycles

Observing the patterns of behavior, including who performs what action, how often it occurs, and the stage in the setting.

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Overt Observation

The purpose of the research is known to the participants. The researcher doesn't conceal their identity and may have a more detailed understanding of the situation.

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Covert Observation

The purpose of the research is hidden from the participants. The researcher takes a false identity, gaining access to groups that wouldn't normally allow observation.

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Physical Characteristics

Recording relevant physical attributes of the observed individuals, such as age, gender, and clothing style. Useful for understanding group dynamics.

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Observational Research

A research method that involves watching and recording behaviors, actions, and interactions in natural or controlled settings.

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User Interaction Tracking

A technique within observational research that monitors how users engage with a website, app, or other digital platform.

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Eye-Tracking Technology

A tool used to measure and record eye movements, providing insight into how users perceive and interact with visual information.

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A/B Testing

A controlled experiment that compares two versions of a website, campaign, or product to determine which performs better.

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Simulation

An imitation of a real-world process or system used to understand its behavior over time.

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Laboratory Report

A document that provides a detailed account of the procedures, observations, and findings of a laboratory experiment.

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Controlled Experiment

A scientific study where the variables are carefully manipulated to test the impact of one factor on another.

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Reliability

The consistency and dependability of a research method, ensuring that the results are repeatable by different researchers.

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Visual Aids

Any material used during a presentation to enhance understanding, such as images, videos, or graphs.

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Audio Aids

Sound elements used during a presentation to enhance the overall experience, such as music or audio recordings.

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Good Presentation Aids

Presentation materials that are relevant, appropriate for the audience, readable, appealing, varied, and easy to manipulate.

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Relevant

Presentation content should be directly related to the presented topic and target audience.

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Appropriate

Presentation materials should be suitable for the audience's level of understanding and interests.

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Appealing

Presentation materials should be interesting and engaging to hold the audience's attention.

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Varied

Presentation materials should use a combination of different types of visuals, audio, and audio-visuals to keep the audience engaged.

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Study Notes

English for Academic and Professional Purposes - Position Paper

  • A position paper is a type of argumentative writing that presents a writer's stance on an issue
  • It aims to initiate a discussion of the topic
  • Characteristics:
    • Debatable: Presents different viewpoints
    • Clear (Stand): Clearly states the writer's position in the thesis statement or argues a specific side.
    • Factual: Contains factual data and avoids fallacies
    • Engaging: Presents timely and relevant arguments
    • Resolute: Holds firm stand with supporting data, and addressing the opposing side.

Components of a Position Paper

  • Claim/Thesis Statement: A debatable and assertable statement presenting the writer's stand.
  • Introduction: Sets the context and introduces the issue
  • Argument: Paragraph proof of the claim. Backed by reasons, evidence, statistics, and data.
  • Counterargument/Counterclaim: Addresses the opposite view and argues against those points.
  • Refutation: Explains why the opposing points are flawed, biased, or weaker in comparison.

Parts of a Position Paper

  • Introduction of the Country and its History: Provides background about the country relating to the topic.
  • How the Issue Affects the Country: Explains the effects of the topic to the country.
  • Country's Policies: Details relevant policies regarding the issue and justifies those policies.
  • Quotes from Country's Leaders: Supports the country's position using quotes from leaders.
  • Supporting Statistics: Presents supporting statistics related to the issue.
  • Country's Actions: Discusses actions taken by the government regarding this issue.
  • Conventions and Resolutions Supported: A list of conventions and resolutions the country has signed.
  • Country's Beliefs: Shows what the country believes or needs to resolve the issue.
  • Aimed Resolutions: Explains the country's goal.

Lesson 2: Data Commentary & Survey Report

  • Data Commentary: Accompanies visual displays (charts, graphs, tables). Clearly explains data or trends.
  • Display Type: Uses visual displays efficiently (charts, graphs, tables)
  • Summary Statement (Visuals): General conclusions about data based on figures.

Lesson 3: Field Report

  • Field Report: An analysis of behaviors, phenomena, or processes based on an established theory.
  • Qualitative: Observation using senses (sight, smell, etc.)
  • Quantitative: Numerical measurements and data.

Lesson 4: Laboratory Report and Creative Reports

  • Laboratory Report: Detailed document of a lab experiment
  • Parts of a Lab Report:
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Procedure
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • Presentation Aids: Effective materials/visuals/audios to support a presentation.

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