12 Questions
Who was sent from London in the fall of 1608 to lead the Jamestown colony?
John Smith
What was the most important rule set by John Smith for the Jamestown colony?
"He who does not work, does not eat."
Which English group founded the colony of Plymouth in 1620?
Separatists
What was the name of the ship that the Pilgrims used to reach America?
Mayflower
Why were the Puritans persecuted in England during the 1620s?
For their religious beliefs
Where did the Separatists originally move before founding the Plymouth colony in America?
Netherlands
Why did Roger Williams move down to modern Rhode Island?
To worship God freely without the restrictions of the Puritans
What motivated William Penn to establish the colony of Pennsylvania?
To allow Quakers to live without persecution
Why did Nathaniel Bacon organize poor colonists in 1675?
To attack and kill Native Americans to become landowners
What was the primary reason for George Calvert wanting to establish a new colony in North America?
To provide refuge for Catholics from discrimination
Why was slavery originally prohibited in Georgia?
To promote small farms over large plantations
What differentiated Quakers from other Protestant sects during that time period?
Belief in the equality of all people
Study Notes
Early English Colonies
- In 1585, English explorers attempted to establish a colony at Roanoke Island, but it was abandoned after one year due to material hardships and conflicts with Native Americans.
- The colony of Jamestown was founded in 1607 by English merchants seeking material wealth, and it became England's first permanent settlement in North America.
Jamestown Colony
- John Smith was sent to lead the colony in 1608 and introduced new rules, including "He who works not, eats not."
- Under Smith's leadership, colonists focused on cutting timber, building new structures, and planting crops.
- Hundreds of new colonists, including the first English women, arrived during this time.
Plymouth Colony
- The Plymouth colony was founded in 1620 by Separatists, also known as Pilgrims, who had fled England due to religious persecution.
- The Pilgrims arrived in America on the Mayflower ship.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- In 1630, around 900 Puritans, who were persecuted for their religious beliefs in England, formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and established the Massachusetts Bay colony.
- The Puritans sought to worship God in their own manner, but did not extend the same right to non-Puritans.
Other Colonies
- Roger Williams, a minister, was forced to leave Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island due to his radical views on religious freedom and fair treatment of Native Americans.
- New York was originally a Dutch colony known as New Netherland.
- William Penn established the colony of Pennsylvania in 1682 as a refuge for Quakers, who were persecuted for their beliefs.
- Pennsylvania was unique in that it allowed Quakers to live freely and treated Native Americans with respect.
- In 1675, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of poor colonists in attacking and killing Native Americans in their quest for land and power.
- George Calvert, a Catholic convert, founded Maryland as a colony where Catholics could avoid persecution.
- James Oglethorpe founded Georgia in 1732 as a refuge for English debtors and prohibited slavery in the colony.
Explore the early attempts of English settlers to establish colonies in North America, including the abandoned colony at Roanoke Island and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. Learn about the motivations behind these colonization efforts and the challenges faced by the settlers.
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