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Questions and Answers
Which modal verb is used to ask for permission?
Which modal verb is used to ask for permission?
What is the formal modal for asking permission?
What is the formal modal for asking permission?
The modal 'mustn't' indicates that something is allowed.
The modal 'mustn't' indicates that something is allowed.
False
What modals are used to express obligation?
What modals are used to express obligation?
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Zero conditionals deal with possible future events.
Zero conditionals deal with possible future events.
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Which conditional deals with events that are likely to happen in the future?
Which conditional deals with events that are likely to happen in the future?
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What structure is used for zero conditionals?
What structure is used for zero conditionals?
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If you pray hard for it, you will receive it. This is an example of a ______ conditional.
If you pray hard for it, you will receive it. This is an example of a ______ conditional.
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What is the key point of conditional statements?
What is the key point of conditional statements?
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Study Notes
Lesson 1: Descriptions and Imagery
- Modals serve as auxiliary verbs used to express permission, obligation, and prohibition.
- Key examples include:
- "I believe I can fly."
- "Kody must call the police."
- "Janine has to prepare for her exams."
- "Bernadette doesn’t have to secure a permit."
Contexts of Modality
Permission
- Permission signifies consent or authorization.
- Modals for permission: can, could, may.
- Can: Used for asking/giving permission. Example: "Can you help me?"
- Could: Politer form for asking permission. Example: "Could I interview the mayor?"
- May: Most formal. Example: "May I borrow your book?"
Prohibition
- Prohibition means disallowing actions.
- Modals for prohibition: can’t, must not/mustn’t.
- Can’t: Expresses rules against actions not set by the speaker. Example: "You can’t go out during quarantine."
- Must Not: Imposes rules established by the speaker. Example: "You must not turn off your camera."
Obligation
- Obligation reflects commitment or duty.
- Modals for obligation: have to (has to), must.
- Have to: Obligation set by an authority. Example: "I have to be at the airport."
- Must: Personal obligation by the speaker. Example: "I must stay away from them."
No Obligation
- No obligation indicates absence of duty.
- Expression: don’t (doesn’t) have to. Examples:
- "You don’t have to come if you're unwell."
- "Employees don’t have to come in this morning."
Lesson 2: Conditionals
- Conditionals express outcomes based on specific conditions.
- Composed of an if-clause (condition) and a main clause (result).
Types of Conditionals
- Conditionals can be structured affirmatively or negatively.
- Affiliation of clauses doesn’t change meaning:
- Example: "If you pray hard for it, you will receive it." vs. "You will receive it if you pray hard."
Zero Conditional
- Describes habits/truths: if/when + present simple >> present simple.
- Example: "When you pray, God listens."
First Conditional
- Deals with possible future events: if/when + present simple >> will + infinitive.
- Example: "If you don’t pass, I’ll hire a tutor."
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Description
This quiz focuses on the first lesson of English 9, covering descriptions and imagery with a particular emphasis on modals. It explores how modals function as auxiliary verbs to express permission, obligation, and prohibition. Engage with essential examples to enhance your understanding of modal contexts.
