40 Questions
What is a vertical angle in surveying?
An angle measured between two lines in a plane that is vertical at a point.
What is one of the dangers of field work in surveying?
Poor visibility
What is one of the safety precautions in surveying?
Wearing safety clothes
What is the main difference between a map and a plan?
A plan shows all features on the ground correctly to scale.
What is the scale of a map or plan?
The ratio of the distance measured on the plan or map to its corresponding distance on the ground.
What is the purpose of conventional symbols on a map?
To represent features that are too small to be recognized.
What is the metric system of measurement?
M.K.S (meter, kilogram, second)
What is the British system of measurement?
F.P.S (foot, pound, second)
How do you convert a planned distance to an actual distance?
Multiply the planned distance by the scale.
What is the actual area if the planned distance is 25mm and the scale is 1/4?
65000 mm2
What is the main objective of surveying?
To determine the relative position of different objects and the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth
Who divided the land of Egypt into plots for the purpose of taxation?
Sesostris
What was the name of the first survey equipment referred to in ancient Egypt?
Dioptra
What is the term used to describe the earliest surveyors?
Rope-stretchers
What is the general term used to describe the science of surveying?
Geomatics
What are the two main steps involved in surveying work?
Fieldwork and Office work
What is the primary role of a surveyor?
To measure and map the environment
In what year was the oldest map in Egypt created?
1400 B.C.
What is the primary focus of surveying?
To determine the relative position of different objects and the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth
What is the term used to describe a professional person with academic qualifications and technical expertise in the surveying sector?
Surveyor
What is the main purpose of the Fieldwork in Engineering Surveying?
To determine the relative location of points and set out or stake out of points
Which type of surveying is used for small areas of the earth?
Plane Surveying
What is the main purpose of the Office work in Engineering Surveying?
To research and analyze data, process the obtained data, and prepare maps and charts
What is Aerial Surveying (Photogrammetric) used for?
To take photographs from the ground or air or from space
What is the main difference between Plane Surveying and Geodetic surveying?
Plane Surveying does not take the curvature of the earth into consideration, while Geodetic surveying does
What is the main application of surveying in preparing a topographic map?
To show the hills and valleys
What is Ground surveying?
A process of doing a survey on the ground
What is the main purpose of surveying in preparing a cadastral map?
To show the boundaries
What is the main application of surveying in preparing a geological map?
To show the underground sources
What is the main classification of surveying?
Ground surveying and Aerial Surveying
What is the main characteristic of geodetic surveying?
It is used for large areas of the earth exceeding about 250 km2.
What is the purpose of control survey?
To establish the network of monuments.
What type of survey is used to define highways and railroads?
Alignment (Route) surveys
What is measured in a horizontal plane?
Horizontal distance
What type of survey is used to measure the manufacturing process?
Industrial surveys
What is the purpose of As-Built surveys?
To define the final layout of engineering works.
What type of survey uses photogrammetry or remote sensing?
Aerial surveys
What is measured along the direction of gravity?
Vertical distance
What type of survey is used to define shorelines and depths of lakes?
Hydrographic surveys
What is the purpose of Construction surveys?
To layout surveys for construction works.
Study Notes
Introduction to Engineering Surveying
- Surveying (Geomatics) is the art of determining the relative position of different objects and the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth.
History of Surveying
- The science of surveying began in Egypt around 1400 B.C.
- Sesostris divided the land of Egypt into plots for the purpose of taxation.
- Early surveyors were called rope-stretchers since their measurements were made with ropes having markers at unit distances.
- The oldest map in Egypt dates back to 1400 B.C.
- The first survey equipment referred to, the Dioptra, was mentioned in 120 B.C.
Surveyor
- A surveyor is a professional person with academic qualifications and technical expertise in the surveying sector.
- Surveying work is divided into two main steps: Fieldwork and Office work.
- Fieldwork involves determining the relative location of points and setting out or staking out points.
- Office work involves research and analysis of data, processing the obtained data, and preparing maps and charts.
Applications of Surveying
- Surveying has various applications, including:
- Preparing topographic maps (Hills, and valleys)
- Preparing cadastral maps (Boundary)
- Preparing military maps
- Preparing geological maps (underground sources)
- Preparing archeological maps
Classification of Surveying
- Surveying can be classified into two main types: Ground surveying and Aerial Surveying (Photogrammetric)
- Ground surveying can be further divided into:
- Plane surveying: used for small areas of the earth (not exceeding 250 km²)
- Geodetic surveying: used for large areas of the earth (exceeding about 250 km²)
Types of Surveys
- There are several specialized types of surveys, including:
- Control Survey: establishes the network of monuments
- Topographic surveys: locations and elevations of natural and artificial features
- Cadastral surveys: establish property lines
- Hydrographic surveys: define shorelines and depths of lakes, oceans, and reservoirs
- Alignment (Route) surveys: define highways, railroads, electricity transmission lines, and channels
- Construction surveys: layout surveys for construction works
- As-Built surveys: final layout of engineering works
- Mine surveys: all operations associated with the mine
- Solar Surveys: obstruction and access of solar sources
- Industrial surveys (Optical alignment): measurement of the manufacturing process
- Ground surveys: level and total station
- Aerial surveys: photogrammetry or remote sensing
- Satellite surveys: GPS
Basic Measurement in Surveying
- Horizontal distance: a distance measured in a horizontal plane
- Vertical distance: a distance measured along the direction of gravity at that point
- Horizontal Angle: an angle measured between two lines in a horizontal plane at that point
- Vertical Angle: an angle measured between two lines in a plane that is vertical at a point
Safety in Surveying
- Fieldwork may involve dangers and safety precautions must be taken, such as:
- Using heavy machinery
- Dealing with poor visibility
- Working in noisy environments
- Working in bad weather
- Encountering animals
- To prevent accidents, safety measures should be taken, including:
- First aid kit
- Safety clothes
- Sign and safety string
- Colored flags
Introduction to Engineering Surveying, covering dangers and safety precautions in surveying field work, including heavy machinery, poor visibility, and more.
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