Engineering Surveying Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a vertical angle in surveying?

  • An angle measured between two lines in a plane that is diagonal at a point.
  • An angle measured between two lines in a plane that is horizontal at a point.
  • An angle measured between two lines in a plane that is vertical at a point. (correct)
  • An angle measured between two lines in a plane that is circular at a point.

    • What is one of the dangers of field work in surveying?

  • Poor visibility (correct)
  • Insufficient funding
  • Inadequate training
  • Lack of machinery

    • What is one of the safety precautions in surveying?

  • Wearing safety clothes (correct)
  • Using a GPS device
  • Using a ladder
  • Working alone

    • What is the main difference between a map and a plan?

    <p>A plan shows all features on the ground correctly to scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scale of a map or plan?

    <p>The ratio of the distance measured on the plan or map to its corresponding distance on the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conventional symbols on a map?

    <p>To represent features that are too small to be recognized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metric system of measurement?

    <p>M.K.S (meter, kilogram, second)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the British system of measurement?

    <p>F.P.S (foot, pound, second)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you convert a planned distance to an actual distance?

    <p>Multiply the planned distance by the scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actual area if the planned distance is 25mm and the scale is 1/4?

    <p>65000 mm2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of surveying?

    <p>To determine the relative position of different objects and the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who divided the land of Egypt into plots for the purpose of taxation?

    <p>Sesostris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the first survey equipment referred to in ancient Egypt?

    <p>Dioptra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the earliest surveyors?

    <p>Rope-stretchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term used to describe the science of surveying?

    <p>Geomatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main steps involved in surveying work?

    <p>Fieldwork and Office work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a surveyor?

    <p>To measure and map the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the oldest map in Egypt created?

    <p>1400 B.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of surveying?

    <p>To determine the relative position of different objects and the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a professional person with academic qualifications and technical expertise in the surveying sector?

    <p>Surveyor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Fieldwork in Engineering Surveying?

    <p>To determine the relative location of points and set out or stake out of points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surveying is used for small areas of the earth?

    <p>Plane Surveying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Office work in Engineering Surveying?

    <p>To research and analyze data, process the obtained data, and prepare maps and charts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aerial Surveying (Photogrammetric) used for?

    <p>To take photographs from the ground or air or from space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Plane Surveying and Geodetic surveying?

    <p>Plane Surveying does not take the curvature of the earth into consideration, while Geodetic surveying does</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of surveying in preparing a topographic map?

    <p>To show the hills and valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ground surveying?

    <p>A process of doing a survey on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of surveying in preparing a cadastral map?

    <p>To show the boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of surveying in preparing a geological map?

    <p>To show the underground sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main classification of surveying?

    <p>Ground surveying and Aerial Surveying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of geodetic surveying?

    <p>It is used for large areas of the earth exceeding about 250 km2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control survey?

    <p>To establish the network of monuments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of survey is used to define highways and railroads?

    <p>Alignment (Route) surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured in a horizontal plane?

    <p>Horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of survey is used to measure the manufacturing process?

    <p>Industrial surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of As-Built surveys?

    <p>To define the final layout of engineering works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of survey uses photogrammetry or remote sensing?

    <p>Aerial surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured along the direction of gravity?

    <p>Vertical distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of survey is used to define shorelines and depths of lakes?

    <p>Hydrographic surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Construction surveys?

    <p>To layout surveys for construction works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Engineering Surveying

    • Surveying (Geomatics) is the art of determining the relative position of different objects and the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface of the earth.

    History of Surveying

    • The science of surveying began in Egypt around 1400 B.C.
    • Sesostris divided the land of Egypt into plots for the purpose of taxation.
    • Early surveyors were called rope-stretchers since their measurements were made with ropes having markers at unit distances.
    • The oldest map in Egypt dates back to 1400 B.C.
    • The first survey equipment referred to, the Dioptra, was mentioned in 120 B.C.

    Surveyor

    • A surveyor is a professional person with academic qualifications and technical expertise in the surveying sector.
    • Surveying work is divided into two main steps: Fieldwork and Office work.
    • Fieldwork involves determining the relative location of points and setting out or staking out points.
    • Office work involves research and analysis of data, processing the obtained data, and preparing maps and charts.

    Applications of Surveying

    • Surveying has various applications, including:
      • Preparing topographic maps (Hills, and valleys)
      • Preparing cadastral maps (Boundary)
      • Preparing military maps
      • Preparing geological maps (underground sources)
      • Preparing archeological maps

    Classification of Surveying

    • Surveying can be classified into two main types: Ground surveying and Aerial Surveying (Photogrammetric)
    • Ground surveying can be further divided into:
      • Plane surveying: used for small areas of the earth (not exceeding 250 km²)
      • Geodetic surveying: used for large areas of the earth (exceeding about 250 km²)

    Types of Surveys

    • There are several specialized types of surveys, including:
      • Control Survey: establishes the network of monuments
      • Topographic surveys: locations and elevations of natural and artificial features
      • Cadastral surveys: establish property lines
      • Hydrographic surveys: define shorelines and depths of lakes, oceans, and reservoirs
      • Alignment (Route) surveys: define highways, railroads, electricity transmission lines, and channels
      • Construction surveys: layout surveys for construction works
      • As-Built surveys: final layout of engineering works
      • Mine surveys: all operations associated with the mine
      • Solar Surveys: obstruction and access of solar sources
      • Industrial surveys (Optical alignment): measurement of the manufacturing process
      • Ground surveys: level and total station
      • Aerial surveys: photogrammetry or remote sensing
      • Satellite surveys: GPS

    Basic Measurement in Surveying

    • Horizontal distance: a distance measured in a horizontal plane
    • Vertical distance: a distance measured along the direction of gravity at that point
    • Horizontal Angle: an angle measured between two lines in a horizontal plane at that point
    • Vertical Angle: an angle measured between two lines in a plane that is vertical at a point

    Safety in Surveying

    • Fieldwork may involve dangers and safety precautions must be taken, such as:
      • Using heavy machinery
      • Dealing with poor visibility
      • Working in noisy environments
      • Working in bad weather
      • Encountering animals
    • To prevent accidents, safety measures should be taken, including:
      • First aid kit
      • Safety clothes
      • Sign and safety string
      • Colored flags

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    Description

    Introduction to Engineering Surveying, covering dangers and safety precautions in surveying field work, including heavy machinery, poor visibility, and more.

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