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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of a good combustor?
What is a key characteristic of a good combustor?
Which of the following statements about impulse turbine blade function is true?
Which of the following statements about impulse turbine blade function is true?
How can pressure loss be reduced in a combustion chamber?
How can pressure loss be reduced in a combustion chamber?
What primarily controls the active clearance in turbine cases?
What primarily controls the active clearance in turbine cases?
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What is the highest temperature location in a gas turbine engine (GTE)?
What is the highest temperature location in a gas turbine engine (GTE)?
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What is the ideal air/fuel mixture ratio?
What is the ideal air/fuel mixture ratio?
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Which device is used to check the high tension ignition system?
Which device is used to check the high tension ignition system?
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What component is used to protect the stator in a gas turbine engine?
What component is used to protect the stator in a gas turbine engine?
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What does the Blade Cuff do in a gas turbine engine?
What does the Blade Cuff do in a gas turbine engine?
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What are two parameters used for calculating thrust horsepower of a turboprop engine?
What are two parameters used for calculating thrust horsepower of a turboprop engine?
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What occurs in a convergent duct regarding pressure, velocity, and temperature?
What occurs in a convergent duct regarding pressure, velocity, and temperature?
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What is a characteristic of a Bell Mouth Inlet?
What is a characteristic of a Bell Mouth Inlet?
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Which type of compressor has a compressor ratio that is not a factor in its performance?
Which type of compressor has a compressor ratio that is not a factor in its performance?
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What disadvantage is associated with a divided type intake in an aircraft?
What disadvantage is associated with a divided type intake in an aircraft?
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What does duct pressure efficiency ratio measure?
What does duct pressure efficiency ratio measure?
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What role does the Variable Inlet Guide Vane (VIGV) play in an engine?
What role does the Variable Inlet Guide Vane (VIGV) play in an engine?
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In a centrifugal compressor, what does the centrifugal force provide?
In a centrifugal compressor, what does the centrifugal force provide?
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How does the placement and shape of the inlet duct affect aircraft performance?
How does the placement and shape of the inlet duct affect aircraft performance?
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What is the typical spark rate for an ignition system?
What is the typical spark rate for an ignition system?
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What is the maximum duration for which long-term preservation of an engine is effective?
What is the maximum duration for which long-term preservation of an engine is effective?
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How often should a humidity indicator be inspected if it has not turned pink?
How often should a humidity indicator be inspected if it has not turned pink?
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Which mechanism controls the propeller beta range?
Which mechanism controls the propeller beta range?
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What happens to noise levels as the distance from the source is doubled?
What happens to noise levels as the distance from the source is doubled?
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What is used for sealing where minimal leakage is required?
What is used for sealing where minimal leakage is required?
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What type of material is primarily used for noise suppressors in engines?
What type of material is primarily used for noise suppressors in engines?
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What must be done after 3 years for an uninstalled engine stored in an envelope?
What must be done after 3 years for an uninstalled engine stored in an envelope?
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What is a primary function of the FADEC system at altitudes below 14,100 ft?
What is a primary function of the FADEC system at altitudes below 14,100 ft?
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What is the purpose of the Low Pressure Filter in the fuel system?
What is the purpose of the Low Pressure Filter in the fuel system?
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What is one disadvantage of the water injection system used for thrust augmentation?
What is one disadvantage of the water injection system used for thrust augmentation?
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What is the effect of adding methanol to the water injection system?
What is the effect of adding methanol to the water injection system?
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Which component prevents the engine from overheating during takeoff?
Which component prevents the engine from overheating during takeoff?
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How is EGT measured in turbine engines?
How is EGT measured in turbine engines?
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What material is used for the engine firewall bulkhead?
What material is used for the engine firewall bulkhead?
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What is a function of the APU load compressor?
What is a function of the APU load compressor?
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What type of thermocouple is primarily used in the gas turbine exhaust section?
What type of thermocouple is primarily used in the gas turbine exhaust section?
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Which safety feature is associated with the turbine starter system?
Which safety feature is associated with the turbine starter system?
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What purpose does the fine mesh filter serve in the fuel system?
What purpose does the fine mesh filter serve in the fuel system?
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What happens to the fuel control under high-pressure conditions?
What happens to the fuel control under high-pressure conditions?
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Which component of the APU indicates engine speed?
Which component of the APU indicates engine speed?
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What is the primary function of the inlet duct during flight operation?
What is the primary function of the inlet duct during flight operation?
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Which statement correctly describes the efficiency of an adiabatic compressor?
Which statement correctly describes the efficiency of an adiabatic compressor?
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What is a primary advantage of an axial compressor over a centrifugal compressor?
What is a primary advantage of an axial compressor over a centrifugal compressor?
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What does compressor surge indicate?
What does compressor surge indicate?
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Which of these is a characteristic of a can-type combustion chamber?
Which of these is a characteristic of a can-type combustion chamber?
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What role do swirl vanes play in a combustion chamber?
What role do swirl vanes play in a combustion chamber?
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In axial flow compressors, which component helps to direct the airflow efficiently?
In axial flow compressors, which component helps to direct the airflow efficiently?
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What is the purpose of the vortex reducer installed at the bottom side of the engine?
What is the purpose of the vortex reducer installed at the bottom side of the engine?
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What is indicative of a stall occurring in a compressor system?
What is indicative of a stall occurring in a compressor system?
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What material is commonly used for the impeller of a compressor?
What material is commonly used for the impeller of a compressor?
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Study Notes
Engine Components & Performance
- Fuel burns to produce pressure energy. Engine performance is affected by RPM, aircraft speed, and ambient density.
- Convergent ducts decrease pressure and increase velocity. Convergent nozzles produce momentum and thrust. Inlet duct efficiency is crucial at all altitudes. Bell-mouth inlets have high aerodynamic efficiency and eliminate duct loss.
- Inlet systems (Rose Ram Pressure, Nose Type) produce profile and induced drag. Inlet duct efficiency converts dynamic pressure energy to static energy.
- Divided entrance intake (single engine) aircraft unevenly distribute airflow. The design of inlets is determined by engine and aircraft placement. Induction ducts may produce normal shocks (Bow Shock)
- Centrifugal compressors operate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, are less prone to foreign object damage (FOD), and efficiently direct air to the combustion chamber.
Compressor & Turbine
- Centrifugal compressor tip speed problems reduce efficiency. Centrifugal force provides high acceleration.
- Axial compressors have a greater pressure ratio compared to centrifugal compressors. Clearance between the rotor and case is maintained in axial compressors with abradable material for reduced friction.
- Total pressure at a compressor's outlet is P3, T3.
- Adiabatic compressors maintain 100% efficiency with no loss.
- Forward-fan engine design reduces forward fan injection of foreign object debris (FOD).
- High heat resistant ball bearings are used in turbine power plants.
Combustion Chamber
- Combustion chambers vary, with annular or can types being the most common. Annular combustion chambers have better structural stability and are less susceptible to warping.
- Can-type combustion chambers are more maintenance friendly.
- Combustion chamber design is complex, requiring precise perforation liners and aperture sizes..
- Intake & Exhaust considerations are critical for air flow and pressure, impacting performance and efficiency
Turbine
- Gases must be cooled in the turbine to half their initial temperature.
- Modern turbine blades are impulse reaction-type.
- Turbine blades rely on heat energy to convert it into velocity. Hot spots in the tail cone can cause turbine malfunctions.
- Turbine blades and discs are often made of cobalt-based alloys and nickel-based alloys.
Exhaust System
- Exhaust system materials include stainless steel and titanium.
- Exhaust flow control is vital for reducing swirling motion of exhaust gases, increasing resultant pressure.
- Exhaust components include the tail cone, nozzle, and exhaust duct. Temperatures of exhaust are monitored to prevent overheating.
- Exhaust temperature is monitored to prevent overheating of turbine blades, turbine cases, and combustion chambers.
Other Components & Systems
- Oil flow systems, lubrication, and cooling have various implementations. The total loss system differs from the complete flow system in terms of oil scavenging.
- Oil is critical in ensuring smooth operation and reducing friction in moving parts. Oil coolers are used to maintain optimal oil temperature.
- Electrical, pneumatic, hydromechanical, and hydraulic components operate and control the fuel systems and other systems.
- FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) manages operation and provides control.
General Notes
- Units of measurement and factors affecting performance are noted in various sections.
- Critical components, such as bearings, are highlighted for their importance in maintenance and operation.
- Engine types (turboshaft, turboprop) and their unique features and advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on engine components and their impact on performance. This quiz covers essential concepts including fuel combustion, duct efficiency, and compressor operations. Ideal for aviation students and enthusiasts looking to solidify their understanding of engine mechanics.
