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Questions and Answers
How does the court determine liability in civil law?
Dealing with contracts and tort
Define 'Derogation' in legal terms.
Not following the rules or doing your duty
What does 'Magistrates' court' deal with mainly?
criminal law, common law in preserving local peace
What is the main focus of property law?
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Free trade involves restrictions on the movement of goods across borders.
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What does it mean when 'rape is effectively decriminalized'?
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Explain the main message regarding Britain's courts as described in the reading.
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What does 'affecting competition standard' push regulatory bodies to assess?
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Labor-market collusion by employers has had no impact on workers' pay.
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What does 'to revoke' mean in English?
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What does 'custodial sentence' refer to?
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Was the victim, Ms Aleena, dead immediately after the attack?
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What does 'substance abuse disorder' refer to? It is a treatable mental disorder characterized by the inability to control their use of substances, such as drugs. It is also known as __________.
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Match the following synonyms:
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Match the level of formality with the corresponding word:
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What is the translation of 'Don't count your chickens before they hatch'?
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What does 'acquitted' mean?
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Where there is smoke, there is ________.
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Don't judge a book by its cover means you should not evaluate something based on appearance.
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What are some of the characteristics of a great leader according to the content?
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What is the main difference between a manager and a leader?
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To deal with a ______, a person must manage it.
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Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings:
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What are important areas for a good business leader, according to Elizabeth Jackson?
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Natural born leaders outperform acquired leaders.
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What does it mean to be 'neck and neck' in a competition?
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Explain the idiom 'Flogging a dead horse.'
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To deliberately cause problems is to stir ______.
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Which payment method allows the exporter to receive payment before sending the goods?
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Delivery dates can be quoted to give an estimate of when products will be delivered.
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Study Notes
Here are the study notes for the provided text:
- Legal Topics*
1.1 Key Vocabulary
- Impassively: without showing emotion
- Be stiffed: to be cheated or deceived
- Left-wing: politically liberal or socialist
- Allege: to accuse someone of something
- To pride oneself on: to be very proud of something
- In a state of flux: constantly changing
- Custody: the care and protection of someone or something
- Pinch point: a difficult or critical situation
- Shared assets: things that are jointly owned
- Austerity measures: actions taken to reduce costs and expenses
1.2 Reading
- The main message is that Britain's courts are in a bad state, with many cases taking a long time to be heard and a backlog building up.
- A barrister had to decide whether a man could be kept in prison for longer than usual because a trial could not be held on time.
- Britain's commercial courts are favoured worldwide for their efficiency and impartiality.
International Mergers and Acquisitions
2.1 Reading
- The text focuses on the lack of attention to workers in mergers and acquisitions, leading to industrial concentration and a less dynamic market.
- Antitrust regulators are rules to promote fair competition and prevent unfair business practices that could harm consumers.
Judgment McSweeney v REX
Glossary
- DBE: Dame Commander of the British Empire, an honour given for outstanding achievements.
- KC: King's Counsel, a high-ranking barrister or solicitor advocate.
- REX: The King, used in public criminal prosecutions, representing the state.
The Facts in Summary
- The appellant was released from custody on licence, but the licence was revoked due to performance issues.
- The appellant was ejected from a domestic property and pursued by the victim, who was later found unconscious.
Assignment
- Vocabulary exercises: look up abbreviations and words, and match synonyms.
Reading Comprehension
- The appellant was sentenced to prison for two crimes on 18 November 2022.
- He did not plead guilty and was sentenced to a custodial sentence.
- He applied for leave to appeal his sentence.
- The attack on the victim lasted for around 15 minutes and caused severe blunt force head trauma and asphyxia.Here are the study notes:
Murder Case
- The appellant's intention was to have a sexual encounter, not to kill
- The period of mental and physical suffering of Ms Aleena was limited
- The judge was wrong to conclude that the appellant's removal of Ms Aleena's mobile telephone was a deliberate attempt to prevent her from calling for help
- The judge was also wrong to find that the appellant had committed the offending "in the expectation that he was likely to be returned to custody soon in any event"
- The appellant had numerous previous convictions, but none for serious violence or sexual offending
- The judge gave no weight to any mitigating factors, including the appellant's personal mitigation, such as his lack of relevant previous convictions, family upbringing and background, and ADHD
Civil Law
- Dealing with contracts and tort
- Breach of civil law requiring compensation
- Attempt to sue: try to bring a legal case against
- Jurisdiction: legal power to make decisions
- Carrier: company responsible for transporting goods
- Insurer: insurance company who sold the policy
- Derogation: not following the rules or doing your duty
- Contractual relationship: relationship as defined in the contract
- Domicile: place where you live
- Within the meaning of the convention: as understood or meant by the law
Reading Comprehension
- Claiments: Brambi Fruits + 9 insurance companies
- Defendants: the Australian company, the Dutch carrier, the captain
- Case: a consignment of pears that ripened too early
- Contract or tort: tort because the Dutch carrier and the captain were not mentioned in the bill of landing
- Court location: Paris, because in international transport court is held where the carrier was to deliver goods = France
Courts and Judges
- Magistrates' court: deals with criminal law and common law, preserving local peace
- Court of Cassation (France): final court of appeal in France
- Supreme Court (US): highest court of country in US
- High Court of Justice (UK): deals with civil cases
- European Court of Justice: overrules any other civil court in any member state in Europe
- Court of Appeal (Civil Division) (UK): may uphold, amend or reverse the decision of a lower court
- The Crown Court (UK): deals with criminal cases, including very serious offences
Real Estate
- Real property: land, tenements, hereditaments
- Personal property: everything else not stated above
- Real property can be divided into:
- Freehold estates: duration is not determined
- Leaseholds: duration is fixed
- Lease of tenancy agreement:
- Landlord leases or rents property to a tenant
- Tenant may consult a solicitor for assistance in drawing up a lease and reviewing the terms and conditions
Let me know if you'd like me to continue!### Letters of Credit
- Most secure instrument
- Committed bank guarantees payment to exporter on behalf of buyer
- Protects buyer as no payment obligation until goods are shipped
Documentary Collections
- Exporter entrusts collection of payment to bank (remitting bank)
- Bank sends documents to importer's bank (collecting bank)
Open Account
- Goods are shipped and delivered before payment is due
- 30,60,90 days
- Highest risk
Consignment
- Payment sent to exporter only after goods are sold by foreign distributor
- Contractual arrangement
Risk Assessment
- Exporter:
- Most risk: Documentary collections, Open account, Consignment
- Least risk: Cash-in-advance, Letters of credit
- Importer:
- Most risk: Cash-in-advance, Letters of credit
- Least risk: Documentary collections, Open account, Consignment
Delivery Dates
- Quoting a delivery date: specify date or time frame
- Examples of delivery date quotes
Formality
Phrases
- Scale of formality: formal, neutral, informal
- Examples of words and phrases with varying formality levels
Proverbs
- Advice and warnings:
- Don't count your chickens before they hatch
- Don't put all your eggs in one basket
- Never judge a book by its cover
- Never look a gift-horse in the mouth
- Take care of the pennies and pounds will take care of themselves
- We'll cross that bridge when we come to it
- Key elements:
- When the cat's away, the mice will play
- You can lead a horse to water, but can't make it drink
- One swallow doesn't make it summer
- Visualizing:
- Where there is smoke, there is fire
- Ppl who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones
- Many hands make light work
- Too many cooks spoil the broth
Sign Language
- Examples of signs with translations
Short Dramatic Words
- Aid: help
- Axe: cut, remove
- Back: support
- Bar: exclude, forbid
- Bid: attempt
- Blast: explosion
- Blaze: fire
- Boost: incentive, encourage
- Boss, head: manager, director
- Clash: dispute
- Curb: restrain, limit
- Cut: reduction
- Drama: tense situation
- Drive: campaign, effort
- Gems: jewels
- Go-ahead: approval
- Hit: affect badly
- Key: essential, vital
- Link: connection
- Move: step towards
- Ordeal: painful experience
- Oust: push out
- Plea: request
- Pledge: promise
- Ploy: clever activity
- Poll: election
- Probe: investigation
- Quit: leave, resign
- Riddle: mystery
- Strife: conflict
- Talks: discussion
- Threat: danger
- Vow: promise
- Wed: marry
English in Use
- Prof in use, module 3:
- Legal terminology
- Prof in use, module 4:
- Business and professional communication
Conveyancing
- Eigendomsoverdracht
- Advocacy: Belangenbehartiging
- Right of audience: recht van spreken
- To draw up: Opstellen
- Solicitor: Advocaat
- Barrister: Advocaat
- Self-employed: zelfstandig
- Lay clients: Lekenklanten
- Provide representation: Zorg voor vertegenwoordiging
- Instructed: Geïnstrueerd
- In-house council: Interne raad
- The bar council and the Inns of Court: De raad van advocaten en de Inns of Court
- Conversion course: Omschakelingscursus
- Bar Vocational Course: Bar Beroepsopleiding
- Chambers: kamers
- Pupil master: Leerling meester
- Shadow: schaduw
- Pleading an opinion: Pleiten voor een mening
- Pupillages: student zijn
- Tenancy: huur
- Advocacy: Belangenbehartiging
- Senior barrister: Senior advocaat
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Description
This quiz covers key legal topics, international mergers and acquisitions, and liability, including reading comprehension and vocabulary tests. It's a part of the Engels Module 3.
