10 Questions
What is the primary cause of fatigue in the ATP-PC energy system?
PC depletion
How does the duration of an event affect the relative contribution of the energy systems?
The longer the event, the more the aerobic system contributes, and the shorter the event, the more the ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis systems contribute.
What is the trade-off between rate and yield in energy production?
The more energy we want, the slower it is to get, and the quicker we need energy, the less we get.
How do the by-products of anaerobic glycolysis contribute to fatigue?
Hydrogen ions and lactic acid accumulation contribute to fatigue.
What is the key difference between active and passive recovery?
Active recovery involves low-intensity exercise, while passive recovery involves complete rest.
How does the ATP-PC energy system cater to the energy demands of short duration events?
The ATP-PC energy system has a very high rate of production, allowing it to rapidly replenish ATP stores, but it has a low yield, making it suitable for short duration events.
What is the significance of lactic acid production in anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactic acid production contributes to fatigue by accumulating hydrogen ions, which disrupt muscle function and reduce muscle pH.
How does the aerobic energy system differ from the anaerobic energy systems in terms of fuel utilization?
The aerobic energy system utilizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as fuels, whereas the anaerobic energy systems primarily utilize carbohydrates.
What is the role of thermoregulation in the recovery process after intense exercise?
Thermoregulation plays a role in the recovery process by helping to remove heat generated during exercise, which can contribute to fatigue if not managed.
How does the duration of an event influence the relative contribution of the ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis energy systems?
The ATP-PC system dominates in events lasting 0-10 seconds, while anaerobic glycolysis takes over in events lasting up to 1 minute, and aerobic energy systems dominate in events lasting longer than 1 minute.
Study Notes
Energy Systems
- There are three energy systems: ATP-CP, Anaerobic Glycolysis, and Aerobic System.
ATP-CP System
- Utilizes no oxygen (anaerobic)
- Very high rate of ATP production (3.6 moles/min)
- Low yield of ATP production (0.7 ATP per PC)
- Chemical fuel: phosphocreatine (PC)
- Most relied upon in short duration events (0-10 seconds)
- Peak power: 2-3 seconds
- Fatiguing factor: depletion of chemical fuel
- Recovery: passive recovery (70% in 30 seconds, 98% in 3 minutes, 100% in 10 minutes)
Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Utilizes no oxygen (anaerobic)
- High rate of ATP production (1.6 moles/min)
- Low yield of ATP production (2 ATP per glucose molecule)
- Chemical fuel: glucose
- Most relied upon in extended and repeat high-intensity efforts (5-60 seconds)
- Peak power: 5-15 seconds
- Fatiguing factor: accumulation of by-products (hydrogen ions and inorganic phosphates)
- Recovery: active recovery, low intensity
Aerobic Energy System
- Utilizes oxygen (aerobic)
- Low rate of ATP production (1 mole/min)
- High yield of ATP production (38 ATP per glucose molecule, 100+ per fat molecule)
- Chemical fuels: glucose (aerobic glycolysis) and triglycerides (aerobic lipolysis)
- Most relied upon in events lasting longer than 1 minute
- Peak power: 60-120 seconds
- Fatiguing factor: fuel depletion
- Recovery: diet, muscles most sensitive to restoring CHO within 2 hours, high GI foods within an hour = 100% restoration in 24 hours
Relative Contribution of Energy Systems
- Depends on the duration and intensity of the event
- Examples: baseball (80% ATP-CP, 15% Anaerobic Glycolysis, 5% Aerobic), basketball (80% ATP-CP, 10% Anaerobic Glycolysis, 10% Aerobic)
Fatigue and Recovery
- Fatigue: exercised-induced reduction in power-generating capacity of the muscle and inability to continue exercise
- Caused by: depletion of fuel sources and/or build-up of metabolic by-products
- Recovery: reversal of fatigue, aims to return the body to pre-exercise conditions
Rate vs Yield Trade Off
- The more energy we want, the slower it is to get
- The quicker we need energy, the less we get
Test your knowledge of energy system characteristics, including rate of ATP production, yield, fatigue factors, and recovery rates associated with active and passive recoveries. Learn about the interplay between ATP-CP, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic systems in physical activity. Participate in a variety of physical activities and describe the energy systems' interplay using appropriate terminology.
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