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Questions and Answers
Which energy system primarily supports exercises lasting 10 seconds or less?
Which energy system primarily supports exercises lasting 10 seconds or less?
What is the main contribution of the Lactic Acid system during exercise?
What is the main contribution of the Lactic Acid system during exercise?
At what point during exercise does the Oxygen system start to dominate energy production?
At what point during exercise does the Oxygen system start to dominate energy production?
Which statement best describes the interaction between the ATP-PC and LA systems during maximal exercise?
Which statement best describes the interaction between the ATP-PC and LA systems during maximal exercise?
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During high-intensity, short-duration exercise, how are muscle levels of ATP affected?
During high-intensity, short-duration exercise, how are muscle levels of ATP affected?
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What is the relationship between the duration of exercise and the importance of the aerobic energy system?
What is the relationship between the duration of exercise and the importance of the aerobic energy system?
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Which statement accurately reflects how the ATP-PC system operates during prolonged activities?
Which statement accurately reflects how the ATP-PC system operates during prolonged activities?
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Which variable is primarily measured to describe the anaerobic response to exercise?
Which variable is primarily measured to describe the anaerobic response to exercise?
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What distinguishes lactic anaerobic metabolism from alactic anaerobic metabolism in terms of muscle lactate levels?
What distinguishes lactic anaerobic metabolism from alactic anaerobic metabolism in terms of muscle lactate levels?
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Which of the following is a method used to measure anaerobic metabolism?
Which of the following is a method used to measure anaerobic metabolism?
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What unit is commonly used to report lactate levels in blood samples?
What unit is commonly used to report lactate levels in blood samples?
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Which statement accurately describes energy system capacity?
Which statement accurately describes energy system capacity?
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In the context of anaerobic performance tests, what does the Wingate Anaerobic Test primarily assess?
In the context of anaerobic performance tests, what does the Wingate Anaerobic Test primarily assess?
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What does the term 'energy system power' refer to?
What does the term 'energy system power' refer to?
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What is the significance of a peak lactate value of 8 mmol·L−1?
What is the significance of a peak lactate value of 8 mmol·L−1?
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What is a typical method to collect a blood sample for lactate analysis?
What is a typical method to collect a blood sample for lactate analysis?
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What is the formula used to compute power output?
What is the formula used to compute power output?
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Which short-term performance test reflects energy transfer of the immediate energy system?
Which short-term performance test reflects energy transfer of the immediate energy system?
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What does the Fatigue Index (FI%) measure?
What does the Fatigue Index (FI%) measure?
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In the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), what is the unit used to express Mean Power (MP)?
In the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), what is the unit used to express Mean Power (MP)?
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Which variable is NOT determined during the Wingate Anaerobic Test?
Which variable is NOT determined during the Wingate Anaerobic Test?
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In the Maragaria-Kalamen Stair Climb, what does the power output depend on?
In the Maragaria-Kalamen Stair Climb, what does the power output depend on?
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Why are vertical jump tests considered laboratory tests?
Why are vertical jump tests considered laboratory tests?
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What typical value is used for the weight of athletes during the Wingate Anaerobic Test?
What typical value is used for the weight of athletes during the Wingate Anaerobic Test?
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What term describes the difference between oxygen required during exercise and the oxygen supplied and utilized?
What term describes the difference between oxygen required during exercise and the oxygen supplied and utilized?
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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?
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How long does the full recovery of ATP-PC stores typically take after heavy exercise?
How long does the full recovery of ATP-PC stores typically take after heavy exercise?
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Which physiological response accounts for 60-70% of the factors involved in EPOC?
Which physiological response accounts for 60-70% of the factors involved in EPOC?
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During heavy or supramaximal exercise, the reliance on which metabolic pathway increases?
During heavy or supramaximal exercise, the reliance on which metabolic pathway increases?
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What is the maximum duration within which oxygen stores are likely replenished after intense exercise?
What is the maximum duration within which oxygen stores are likely replenished after intense exercise?
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Which of the following best describes EPOC?
Which of the following best describes EPOC?
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What is the primary purpose of measuring blood pressure during isometric exercise?
What is the primary purpose of measuring blood pressure during isometric exercise?
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What is primarily calculated during the vertical jump field test on a normal surface?
What is primarily calculated during the vertical jump field test on a normal surface?
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Which of the following parameters is highly correlated with vertical jump height according to the data provided?
Which of the following parameters is highly correlated with vertical jump height according to the data provided?
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What type of anaerobic exercise test is indicated by a dash of 40, 50, or 60 yards or meters?
What type of anaerobic exercise test is indicated by a dash of 40, 50, or 60 yards or meters?
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Which factor enhances the glycolytic system's capacity to generate energy in anaerobic training?
Which factor enhances the glycolytic system's capacity to generate energy in anaerobic training?
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What does anaerobic training potentially enhance in relation to acid metabolites?
What does anaerobic training potentially enhance in relation to acid metabolites?
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During a moderate submaximal bout of exercise with an oxygen requirement of 1.4 L·min −1, what does the VO2MAX represent?
During a moderate submaximal bout of exercise with an oxygen requirement of 1.4 L·min −1, what does the VO2MAX represent?
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What psychological factor is mentioned as influencing the ability to perform anaerobic work?
What psychological factor is mentioned as influencing the ability to perform anaerobic work?
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In the context of anaerobic exercise testing, what happens during the initial lag phase of oxygen utilization?
In the context of anaerobic exercise testing, what happens during the initial lag phase of oxygen utilization?
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Study Notes
Anaerobic Metabolism
- Anaerobic metabolism involves chemical processes that do not require oxygen
- Two approaches measure anaerobic metabolism:
- Changes in chemical substances (lactate) used during alactic and lactic anaerobic metabolism
- Quantification of work performed during short bursts of high-intensity activity
Measurement of Anaerobic Metabolism
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One method examines changes in chemical substances:
- Chemical analysis of muscle biopsies
- Blood samples, often using a lactate analyzer
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The other method quantifies work/power generated during short-duration, high-intensity exercise, such as the Wingate Anaerobic Test or Margaria-Kalamen Stair Climb
Lactate Analyzer
- Blood samples may be obtained by venipuncture or finger/ear prick
- Special analyzers are used for small samples of blood (25-µL capillary tube)
Lactate Levels
- Lactate levels are commonly measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or milligrams per 100ml of blood (mg/100ml)
- Resting levels are typically 1-2 mmol/L
- Peak values of 8 mmol/L or 72 mg/100ml often indicate maximal exertion
- Peak values as high as 32 mmol/L or 288 mg/100ml can be seen
Anaerobic Power and Capacity
- Capacity: Total energy produced by an energy system
- Power: Maximum energy produced per unit of time
- Tests typically measure:
- Total mechanical power generated during short bursts of high-intensity work
- Amount of mechanical work done in a specific time frame
- Time taken to perform a specific amount of anaerobic work
Anaerobic Power and Capacity Tests
- Common laboratory tests:
- Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT)
- Margaria-Kalamen Stair Climb
Performance Tests of Fast and Slow Anaerobic Power
- Maximal effort assessments of ATP-PCr energy reserves
- Calculate power output (P) using: P = (F x D) / T
- F = force generated
- D = distance moved
- T = duration of exercise
Field Tests
- No standard field tests directly measure ATP-PC usage or lactate production
- Some sports-specific tests are used:
- Vertical jump tests
- Sprints, shuttles, or middle-distance runs (e.g., 40, 50, or 60 yards/meters)
Vertical Jump Tests
- Can be performed on a force platform to measure actual power output
- Often performed on a normal surface, in which case distance is measured, but not the power
- The height of the vertical jump is highly correlated with power from testing on a force platform(r=.92)
Anaerobic Exercise Response-Oxygen Deficit and Excess
- Oxygen deficit: lag between oxygen demand during exercise and the amount supplied
- Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC): Oxygen consumption after exercise to return to resting state
- Size of EPOC and Oxygen deficit is dependent on the intensity of submaximal or maximal exercise
Factors Affecting Anaerobic Exercise Performance
- Specific training (for short bursts of maximal exercise enhances the glycolytic system)
- Acid metabolic buffering (anaerobic training improves buffering capacity and allows short-term energy transfer)
- Motivation; willingness to push through fatigue impacting anaerobic work output
Calculating Power-Margaria-Kalamen Stair Climb
- Formula: Power = [(Body weight x 9.807) x Height] / Time
- Body weight in kg
- Height = vertical distance in meters
- Time in seconds- used to determine power output
Energy Systems: ATP-PC, LA, O2
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All three (ATP-PC, LA, O2) energy systems work together in all durations of activity
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ATP-PC system: Primarily at onset of longer activities; lasts about 10 seconds or less
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Anaerobic system (ATP-PC and LA): Predominates in supplying energy during 1-2 minutes of exercise
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O2 system: Takes the lead after 2 minutes of activity; most important influence for longer exercise duration
Other Relevant Info
- Various age groups have different performance levels for the Margaria-Kalamen Stair Climb test
- Specific activity information (e.g. measuring blood pressure or blood pressure during isometric exercise, vertical jump tests, Wingate Tests)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various energy systems that support physical activities, focusing on their contributions during different durations of exercise. This quiz covers topics like the ATP-PC system, lactic acid production, and the role of the aerobic energy system. Ideal for students in physical education or sports science.
