Energy Informatics I - Distributed Renewable Energy Sources
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) to measure the quality of predictions?

  • To provide a symmetric measure of error that penalizes negative errors more heavily
  • To provide an intuitive interpretation of the error in terms of relative error
  • To be robust to outliers in the training data
  • To describe how big the average error is in the same unit as the input data (correct)
  • What is a potential drawback of using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to measure the quality of predictions?

  • MAPE is not robust to outliers in the training data
  • MAPE can result in zero divisions or very large values when the actual values are small (correct)
  • MAPE does not have the same unit as the input data, making it difficult to visualize
  • MAPE does not provide an intuitive interpretation of the error
  • Which of the following is a key advantage of (Root) Mean Squared Error ((R)MSE) over other error metrics?

  • (R)MSE penalizes negative errors more heavily than positive errors
  • (R)MSE provides a more intuitive interpretation of the error in terms of relative error
  • (R)MSE is more robust to outliers in the training data (correct)
  • (R)MSE has the same unit as the input data, making it easier to visualize
  • Which error metric would be most appropriate to use when the goal is to minimize the average absolute error in the same unit as the input data?

    <p>Mean Absolute Error (MAE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error metric would be most appropriate to use when the goal is to minimize the average relative error, with a heavier penalty on negative errors?

    <p>Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error metric is generally considered more robust to outliers in the training data?

    <p>Mean Absolute Error (MAE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using MAE and RMSE after finding a model?

    <p>To measure the expressiveness of the model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), what is the idea behind finding the warping path?

    <p>To find the minimal warping path with the shortest distances sum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the boundary condition in Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)?

    <p>To ensure the monotonicity constraint holds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is MSE harder to interpret compared to MAE or MAPE?

    <p>It is not in the same unit as forecast variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) assign to time series with actual and predicted values?

    <p>Distance measure, e.g., Euclidean distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is created in the second step of the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) calculation process?

    <p>Accumulated distance matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the data presented, which renewable energy source has the highest estimated worldwide potential?

    <p>Solar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for focusing on solar and wind energy sources for electricity generation, as implied by the information provided?

    <p>They have the highest potential among renewable sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the data, which finite energy source has the highest estimated potential?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit used to measure the worldwide potential of energy sources in the data presented?

    <p>Terawatt-years per year (TWy/y)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the data, which renewable energy source has the lowest estimated worldwide potential?

    <p>Tidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons in a solar cell when photons from sunlight are absorbed?

    <p>Form electron-hole pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to a reduction in the total power output of a solar cell?

    <p>High cell temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does dust or dirt on solar cells have on the induced current?

    <p>Increases the induced current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of irradiation is the sum of direct and diffuse irradiation on a horizontal surface?

    <p>Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of a solar cell has free-moving electrons (e-)?

    <p>n-type layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors leads to an increase in Photovoltaic power production?

    <p>High Insolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the provided text?

    <p>Comparing various methods for forecasting solar energy generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a specific topic covered in the provided text?

    <p>Techniques for integrating solar and wind energy into the grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Python package mentioned in the text for modeling solar energy systems?

    <p>pvlib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT directly related to the variability of solar energy generation?

    <p>Spatial distribution of wind power plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following references is related to the calculation of correlation coefficients for solar power output variability?

    <p>Hoff, T.E., &amp; Perez, R.(2010)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect mentioned in the text for constructing effective multiple-choice questions?

    <p>Including options that are intentionally misleading or unrelated to the question</p> Signup and view all the answers

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