Energy Informatics I - Distributed Renewable Energy Sources
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) to measure the quality of predictions?

  • To provide a symmetric measure of error that penalizes negative errors more heavily
  • To provide an intuitive interpretation of the error in terms of relative error
  • To be robust to outliers in the training data
  • To describe how big the average error is in the same unit as the input data (correct)

What is a potential drawback of using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to measure the quality of predictions?

  • MAPE is not robust to outliers in the training data
  • MAPE can result in zero divisions or very large values when the actual values are small (correct)
  • MAPE does not have the same unit as the input data, making it difficult to visualize
  • MAPE does not provide an intuitive interpretation of the error

Which of the following is a key advantage of (Root) Mean Squared Error ((R)MSE) over other error metrics?

  • (R)MSE penalizes negative errors more heavily than positive errors
  • (R)MSE provides a more intuitive interpretation of the error in terms of relative error
  • (R)MSE is more robust to outliers in the training data (correct)
  • (R)MSE has the same unit as the input data, making it easier to visualize

Which error metric would be most appropriate to use when the goal is to minimize the average absolute error in the same unit as the input data?

<p>Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error metric would be most appropriate to use when the goal is to minimize the average relative error, with a heavier penalty on negative errors?

<p>Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error metric is generally considered more robust to outliers in the training data?

<p>Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using MAE and RMSE after finding a model?

<p>To measure the expressiveness of the model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), what is the idea behind finding the warping path?

<p>To find the minimal warping path with the shortest distances sum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the boundary condition in Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)?

<p>To ensure the monotonicity constraint holds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is MSE harder to interpret compared to MAE or MAPE?

<p>It is not in the same unit as forecast variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) assign to time series with actual and predicted values?

<p>Distance measure, e.g., Euclidean distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is created in the second step of the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) calculation process?

<p>Accumulated distance matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the data presented, which renewable energy source has the highest estimated worldwide potential?

<p>Solar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for focusing on solar and wind energy sources for electricity generation, as implied by the information provided?

<p>They have the highest potential among renewable sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the data, which finite energy source has the highest estimated potential?

<p>Coal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure the worldwide potential of energy sources in the data presented?

<p>Terawatt-years per year (TWy/y) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the data, which renewable energy source has the lowest estimated worldwide potential?

<p>Tidal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrons in a solar cell when photons from sunlight are absorbed?

<p>Form electron-hole pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to a reduction in the total power output of a solar cell?

<p>High cell temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does dust or dirt on solar cells have on the induced current?

<p>Increases the induced current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of irradiation is the sum of direct and diffuse irradiation on a horizontal surface?

<p>Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What layer of a solar cell has free-moving electrons (e-)?

<p>n-type layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors leads to an increase in Photovoltaic power production?

<p>High Insolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the provided text?

<p>Comparing various methods for forecasting solar energy generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a specific topic covered in the provided text?

<p>Techniques for integrating solar and wind energy into the grid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Python package mentioned in the text for modeling solar energy systems?

<p>pvlib (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT directly related to the variability of solar energy generation?

<p>Spatial distribution of wind power plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following references is related to the calculation of correlation coefficients for solar power output variability?

<p>Hoff, T.E., &amp; Perez, R.(2010) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect mentioned in the text for constructing effective multiple-choice questions?

<p>Including options that are intentionally misleading or unrelated to the question (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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