Nutrition and Energy Concepts

Activities that happen automatically and are essential for survival, like heartbeat, breathing, and maintaining body temperature.

The pumping of blood by the heart, bringing oxygen and nutrients to the body.

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

The body's ability to regulate its internal temperature.

Actions that are not under our conscious control, but essential for life.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that stores energy in its chemical bonds.

ATP contains three phosphate groups, and the bonds between these groups store a significant amount of energy.

Cells can access and use energy only in the form of energy-rich phosphate bonds. ATP provides this energy.

When a phosphate group is removed from ATP, energy is released, and the molecule becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP by adding a phosphate group back on, using energy from food sources like glucose.

The rate at which your body burns calories when at rest.

Any movement that uses energy.

Physical activity that requires more energy than just resting, like working out.

Energy used for things like working, playing, and thinking.

Physical activity increases our BMR, meaning we burn more calories even when at rest.

The increase in metabolic rate after eating, above the resting rate.

When you eat, your body needs energy to break down the food, absorb nutrients, and process it.

Protein has the highest SDA effect, meaning eating protein raises your metabolism the most.

It takes energy to process food, even if it has few calories.

SDA is a temporary effect. Your metabolism returns to the resting rate after a few hours.

Activities that involve minimal movement and little energy expenditure.

Activities that require moderate physical exertion and energy expenditure.

Activities that require significant physical effort and high energy expenditure.

The form in which carbohydrates are stored in the muscles and liver.

The body has three main energy stores: glycogen, fat, and protein.

Energy balance is a state where the total energy consumed from food is equal to the total energy expended by the body through various activities, resulting in a stable body weight.

Energy balance is achieved when the amount of energy taken in from food equals the amount of energy used by the body.

Energy balance is essential for maintaining a stable body weight. If the body expends more energy than it consumes, it will lose weight. If it consumes more energy than it expends, it will gain weight.

Factors that affect energy expenditure include basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity level, and the thermic effect of food.

The thermic effect of food (TEF) is the energy used for digesting, absorbing, and processing food. It contributes a small percentage to overall energy expenditure.