Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum Total System Efficiency (TSE) required for a water-cooled building cooling system, according to the provided information?

  • 1.2 kW/RT
  • 0.6 kW/RT
  • 1.5 kW/RT
  • 0.9 kW/RT (correct)
  • According to the benchmark Energy Use Intensity (EUI) values, which building category has the lowest listed EUI?

  • Community Centres
  • Nursing/Youth Homes
  • Polyclinics
  • Civic Buildings (correct)
  • A hospital is evaluating its energy efficiency against benchmark standards. What is the benchmark EUI (kWh/m^2.yr) for hospitals?

  • 90
  • 375 (correct)
  • 150
  • 230
  • Which of the following systems are part of the System Level Approach via Enhanced Energy Performance Standards?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benchmark Energy Use Intensity (EUI) listed for Community Hospitals?

    <p>230 kWh/m^2.yr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum GFA requirement for a building undergoing a major energy-use proposal that triggers specific regulations?

    <p>5,000 m$^2$ or more (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would necessitate a three-yearly audit on cooling systems?

    <p>When the building owner receives a notice from regulatory board. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for submitting the design submission for cooling system retrofitting works?

    <p>A Professional Engineer (Mechanical) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides electricity consumption data, what additional information must building owners submit?

    <p>Building information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the audit report demonstrate regarding the cooling system's energy efficiency?

    <p>Meeting or exceeding the minimum design efficiency standard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of retrofitting works, what responsibility does the building owner hold?

    <p>To ensure completion within the period prescribed in regulations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it required for an existing building to adhere to a minimum environmental standard for cooling systems?

    <p>When installing or substantially replacing cooling systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate action should a building owner take upon receiving a notice from building regulators?

    <p>Appoint a Professional Engineer (Mechanical) or energy auditor to assess energy efficiency of the building cooling systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum Gross Floor Area (GFA) threshold that triggers the Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008 and Amendment 2021 for new building works?

    <p>2000 m^2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances do additions or extensions to existing buildings become subject to the Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008 and its 2021 amendment?

    <p>Additions or extensions increasing GFA by 2000 m^2 or more. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key trigger for existing buildings to fall under the Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008 and Amendment 2021?

    <p>Major retrofitting to existing buildings with a GFA of 2000 m^2 or more. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of building work does not automatically trigger the Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008 and its 2021 amendment?

    <p>Minor interior redesign of a building with a GFA of $1500 m^2$. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008 and Amendment 2021 aims to regulate the environmental impact of which of the following?

    <p>Specific building projects including new construction, additions, and major retrofits exceeding certain size thresholds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company is planning to construct a new office building with a GFA of $1800 m^2$. Does this project fall under the regulations?

    <p>No, because the GFA is less than 2000 m^2. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the only prerequisite within the Green Mark 2021 Assessment Framework?

    <p>Energy Efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An existing building with a GFA of $2500 m^2$ is undergoing renovations that do not increase the GFA. Which renovation would trigger the Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations?

    <p>Completely overhauling the HVAC system, increasing its efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important factor in determining whether the regulations apply during a building extension project?

    <p>The absolute increase in the building's Gross Floor Area (GFA). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term 'Design for Maintainability (DfM)' in the context of the Green Mark scheme?

    <p>Designing buildings for their safe and effective maintenance to optimise lifecycle performance of the asset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of a building does the Green Mark 2021 scheme assess regarding 'Whole Life Carbon'?

    <p>The embodied carbon of construction materials, sustainable construction methods, and sustainable fitting-out. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the 'Occupant Centric' element within the Green Mark scheme?

    <p>Designing buildings to facilitate the mental, physical, and social well-being of occupants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Green Mark Scheme, what should buildings be assessed on, regarding occupant well-being?

    <p>How the buildings are designed, retrofitted, constructed, and operated to facilitate the mental, physical, and social well-being of occupants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Green Mark Scheme, what should buildings be assessed on, regarding resilience?

    <p>Their resilience and adaptation to climate change, as well as the use of nature-based solutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of accessing a building's 'resilience' under the Green Mark 2021 assessment?

    <p>To evaluate the building's adaptation to climate change and use of nature-based climate solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five sustainability sections covered in Green Mark 2021 assessment framework?

    <p>Cost Efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a project eligible for Green Mark certification involving a major retrofit?

    <p>An existing building with the installation of a new air-conditioning system, resulting in significant energy use change according to relevant regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Green Mark SLE (Super Low Energy) series from the standard Green Mark (GM) series?

    <p>The GM SLE series includes ratings for buildings achieving Zero Energy (ZE) and Positive Energy (PE) status, which are not part of the standard GM series. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A building owner seeks Green Mark re-certification for a building that already has a current Green Mark certification. Which condition must this candidate meet to seek GM Re-certification?

    <p>The building must not have undergone major energy use changes since its previous certification. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Green Mark incentive scheme available to the private sector for building retrofits?

    <p>Building Retrofit Energy Efficiency Financing (BREEF) Scheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company is planning a new facility and wants to incorporate sustainable practices from the outset. Which of the following actions aligns with the goals of SCEM Training Grant?

    <p>Adopt resource-efficient design strategies for the new facility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A building owner is considering replacing their existing chiller system. If the owner qualifies for the Grant for Low GWP Refrigerant Chillers (LoGR), what is the primary benefit they would receive?

    <p>Financial assistance for adopting chillers that use refrigerants with a low global warming potential (GWP). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ratings are under the GM Series?

    <p>Gold^PLUS^ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smart technologies and systems, and data management environments within the building design, construction, retrofit and operation of the building enable buildings to be fully integrated, automated, intelligent, and responsive. What is another aspect this refers to?

    <p>Sustainable building. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the Skyrise Greenery Incentive Scheme 2.0?

    <p>To encourage the addition of greenery to existing buildings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a listed focus area for Green Mark 2021 In Operation?

    <p>Renewable energy generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies aligns with improving energy efficiency in existing facilities?

    <p>Adopting water-cooled chillers using low-GWP refrigerants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating Energy Use Intensity (EUI)?

    <p>EUI = Annual Total Building Energy Consumption / Gross Floor Area (excluding car park area) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental benefit is specifically attributed to skyrise greenery?

    <p>Mitigating urban heat island effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to track a building's Energy Use Intensity (EUI) over multiple years?

    <p>To identify trends in energy consumption and evaluate the effectiveness of energy-saving measures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do plants use to improve air quality?

    <p>Transpiration and filtration of dust particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would a negative percentage indicate when analyzing Year 3 EUI compared to a baseline year?

    <p>A decrease in energy consumption relative to the baseline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is excluded from Gross Floor Area when calculating EUI?

    <p>Car park area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of implementing an energy management information system?

    <p>It monitors and optimizes energy consumption patterns within a facility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Regulatory Requirements

    Guidelines governing sustainability measures for existing non-residential buildings.

    Minimum Environmental Standards

    Basic sustainability criteria that existing non-residential buildings must meet.

    Green Mark 2021

    A certification highlighting sustainability efforts in existing non-residential buildings.

    Building Control Regulations 2008

    Rules for environmental sustainability in new and existing buildings with certain sizes.

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    GFA of 2000 m²

    Gross floor area threshold that triggers sustainability regulations.

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    Major Retrofitting

    Significant renovations that increase a building's GFA by 2000 m² or more.

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    Additions and Extensions

    Improvements to existing buildings that lead to increased GFA over 2000 m².

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    Existing Non-Residential Buildings

    Buildings that are not used for residential purposes and are already constructed.

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    Total System Efficiency (TSE)

    Minimum energy efficiency standard for building cooling systems.

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    Energy Use Intensity (EUI)

    Energy consumed per square meter per year, indicated in kWh/m²/yr.

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    Healthcare EUI benchmarks

    Specific EUI values set for various healthcare facilities.

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    Cooling System Minimum Efficiency

    Minimum efficiency requirement for water-cooled cooling systems at 0.9 kW/RT.

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    Building Categories EUI

    Different EUI values established for diverse building types like civic and community centers.

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    Major Energy-Use Proposal

    A significant change involving new or altered cooling systems in buildings.

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    Three-Yearly Audit

    Regular review of cooling systems in existing buildings for efficiency.

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    Building Owner Responsibilities

    Duties include engaging professionals and ensuring system compliance.

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    Submit Design Submission

    Requirement for building owners to provide cooling system designs.

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    Energy Efficiency Auditor

    A professional responsible for assessing cooling system efficiency.

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    Cooling System Minimum Standard

    The baseline efficiency requirement for newly installed cooling systems.

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    Submission of Electricity Data

    Building owners must send their energy consumption information as part of compliance.

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    Energy Efficiency

    The only prerequisite for Green Mark 2021 assessment.

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    Health and Well-being

    A section assessing how buildings affect occupants' health.

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    Whole Life Carbon

    Assessment of a building's carbon footprint over its lifecycle.

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    Resilience

    The ability of a building to adapt to climate change.

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    Maintainability

    Designing buildings for safe and effective maintenance.

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    Intelligence in Design

    Incorporating smart solutions for building management.

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    Sustainable Construction Methods

    Building practices that minimize environmental impact.

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    Nature-based Solutions

    Using natural processes to address environmental challenges.

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    Smart Technologies in Building Design

    Technologies that help create automated and responsive buildings through integrated systems.

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    Green Mark Certification

    A certification program assessing the sustainability of buildings, focusing on energy efficiency and environmental impact.

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    GM 2021 Ratings

    Ratings including Gold^PLUS^ and Platinum for sustainable building practices recognized under Green Mark 2021.

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    Super Low Energy Series (SLE)

    A category of the Green Mark ratings focusing on ultra-efficient energy use in buildings.

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    Energy Use Change Regulation

    Legislation describing major changes in energy usage when retrofitting existing buildings.

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    Green Mark Re-certification

    The process for buildings to renew their Green Mark certification without major energy changes.

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    Green Mark Incentive Schemes

    Programs providing financial support for energy efficiency improvements in buildings.

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    SCEM Training Grant

    A grant supporting training in resource-efficient designs for new facilities and expansions.

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    Energy Assessment

    Evaluating existing facilities to find energy-saving opportunities.

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    Energy Efficient Equipment

    Technology designed to use less energy while performing the same function.

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    Water-Cooled Chillers

    Cooling systems that use water to dissipate heat, often using low-GWP refrigerants.

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    Energy Management Information System

    A system for monitoring and managing energy consumption effectively.

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    Skyrise Greenery

    Installation of vegetation on buildings to enhance urban environments.

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    Urban Heat Island Effect

    The phenomenon where urban areas become warmer than their rural surroundings.

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    Cooling Tower Cycle of Concentration

    The ratio of the concentration of a substance in the cooling system to its concentration in the water supply.

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    Tenant Engagement

    Involving occupants in energy and sustainability initiatives.

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    Green Mark Rating

    A certification for buildings achieving sustainability and energy efficiency.

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    Study Notes

    Environmental Sustainability for Existing Buildings

    • The Building Construction Authority (BCA) manages the implementation of green building legislation, standards, and development, including the Green Mark (GM) scheme.

    • The Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008 and Amendment 2021 introduced minimum environmental sustainability requirements for new and existing buildings with gross floor area (GFA) of 2000 m² or more. This changed to 5000 m² in 2021. These regulations also include provisions for additions, extensions, and significant renovations to existing buildings.

    • The Building Control (Environmental Sustainability Measures for Existing Building) Regulations 2013 and Amendments of 2016 established key requirements, specifically for existing buildings.

    • Minimum environmental sustainability standards for existing non-residential buildings comprise two elements: base requirements and carbon reduction measures.

    Compliance Framework

    • The compliance framework for minimum environmental sustainability includes base requirements (mandatory) & carbon reduction measures.

    • Base requirements cover building energy performance, measurement & verification, real-time remote monitoring of chiller plant operation, energy utilization monitoring, indoor temperature monitoring, and indoor air quality (IAQ) audits.

    • Building energy performance must meet a minimum 40% improvement over the 2005 baseline (two approaches are available: Whole Building Approach via Energy Audit and System Level Approach via Enhanced Energy Performance Standards).

    Green Mark 2021

    • The BCA introduced a Green Mark (GM) rating scheme in 2005 to assess tropical building environmental performance.

    • Pre-2021, the scheme had categories for new & existing buildings, and occupant-centric buildings.

    • GM2021 has two broad categories: Energy Efficiency and Five Sustainability sections (Health & Well-being, Whole Life Carbon, Resilience, Maintainability, and Intelligence).

    • The 2021 assessment framework consists of 3 sections: Sustainable Features, Sustainable Operations & Management, and Sustainable Technologies with a 15-point allocation to each respective section.

    Certification Process

    • The BCA Green Mark certification process includes application, assessment, and verification steps.

    • The assessment process verifies the building project meets the criteria and certification level specified.

    • Verification includes review of records and supporting documentation related to green features, building energy performance and photographic evidence.

    Green Mark Incentive Schemes

    • The BCA has various incentive schemes to encourage private sector participation in sustainable building practices, including provisions for additional Gross Floor Area (GFA) allowances for buildings meeting certain environmental performance requirements.

    Certification Courses

    • The BCA provides certification courses (e.g., Green Mark Specialist Scheme, expanded to Green Mark Professional Qualification Scheme) to individuals working in the field.
    • These schemes aim to equip professionals with relevant knowledge for greener buildings.

    Other Relevant Aspects of the Document

    • Specific details regarding various building elements (e.g., chilled water systems, air-conditioning, lighting, and waste audits) and metrics (e.g., Total Building Energy Consumption, Total Building Water Consumption) for compliance are also included.
    • There are multiple figures (diagrams), tables and appendices that provide specific data, rules and details.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on energy efficiency standards and benchmarks for commercial buildings. This quiz covers Total System Efficiency (TSE), Energy Use Intensity (EUI) values, and regulations for various building categories. Brush up on your understanding of energy audits and submission responsibilities.

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