Energy Consumption and Resources Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which principle is NOT recommended for guiding initiatives in India's clean energy future?

  • Promote social and environmental equity
  • Prioritize efficiency and competitiveness
  • Invest in least-cost energy solutions
  • Focus solely on fossil fuel investments (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of energy in our daily lives?

  • To provide light, heat, and facilitate transportation (correct)
  • To reduce environmental impact
  • To create entertainment and leisure activities
  • To generate wealth and economy

    • How is 1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) related to energy?

  • It equals 10 Gcal
  • It equals 41.868 Mtoe
  • It equals 1000 kilojoules
  • It equals 11.63 megawatt-hours (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of energy sources?

    <p>Cost-effectiveness of consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes 'Mtoe'?

    <p>A metric unit for measuring energy equivalent to oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of India's total greenhouse gas emissions was attributed to the electricity sector in 2016–2017?

    <p>34 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage of India's electricity generation that came from coal in 2019–2020?

    <p>72 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2022, what was the national renewable energy target set by the Indian government?

    <p>175 GW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about solar energy in India?

    <p>Solar has consistently been among the lowest-cost electricity sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the installed capacity of coal in India's electricity supply in 2019–2020?

    <p>55 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average value of the solar constant (Isc) that defines average radiation on a perpendicular surface to sun rays reaching the earth?

    <p>1367 W/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the fraction of total solar radiant energy reflected back to space?

    <p>Albedo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scattering process involves molecules of different gases leading to a depletion of solar radiation?

    <p>Rayleigh scattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of mean monthly values of direct solar radiation received in India at 12 noon?

    <p>0.51 to 1.05 kW/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the total amount of solar radiation energy?

    <p>Irradiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases has a role in selective absorption of solar radiation?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intensity of solar radiation at the surface of the Sun?

    <p>~ 6.33 x 10^7 W/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the scattered radiation is typically lost to space?

    <p>Nearly half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a non-renewable energy source?

    <p>It is finite and gets depleted upon consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of renewable energy sources?

    <p>They ensure a persistent flow of energy and are sustainable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electricity is classified as which type of energy source?

    <p>Secondary energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration regarding energy consumption?

    <p>Efficient consumption is vital due to environmental impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sustainability' in energy sources imply?

    <p>Energy sources that can be replenished at a rate equal to consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key disadvantage of non-renewable energy sources?

    <p>They can pollute the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of renewable energy sources?

    <p>They are derived from finite resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to consume energy in an efficient manner?

    <p>To mitigate the environmental impacts of all energy sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the photovoltaic effect?

    <p>Edmond Becquerel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the efficiency of the solar cell reported by Bell laboratories in the 1950s?

    <p>5.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the first true solar cell reported?

    <p>1894</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is commonly used in solar cells?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key points discussed about solar cell technology?

    <p>Importance of materials development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification does not represent an energy source discussed?

    <p>Nuclear Energy Sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which team was involved in advancing solar cell technology in the 1950s?

    <p>G. Pearson, D. Chapin, and C. Fuller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Directly convert sunlight into electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Consumption and Resources

    • Energy is essential for life and is used for various purposes like lighting, heating, communication, manufacturing, and transportation
    • We need to understand the characteristics of different energy sources and how they can be transformed.
    • An average adult consumes energy throughout the day, with food being the primary source.

    Primary Energy Sources

    • Primary energy sources are finite and come from naturally occurring resources.
    • Non-renewable energy sources are depleted on consumption and cannot be replenished at a speed comparable to their consumption
    • Renewable Energy Sources are naturally available and provide a continuous flow of energy.

    India's Energy Landscape

    • India's electricity sector is its largest greenhouse gas emitter, accounting for 34% of the country's total emissions in 2016-2017.
    • Coal dominates India's electricity supply, contributing 55% of the installed capacity and 72% of generation in 2019-2020.
    • India has seen a rapid growth in renewable energy, primarily solar and wind, which have become the country's most cost-effective sources of electricity.
    • The government of India has set a target of 175 GW of solar and wind energy by 2022 and 500 GW by 2030.

    Solar Energy

    • Solar energy is a renewable source, but it is affected by atmospheric conditions like absorption, scattering, and cloud cover.
    • Albedo represents the fraction of solar radiation reflected back into space, with a value of 0.30 for Earth.
    • Insolation, the solar radiation intensity on a surface, is measured in W/m2 or kW/m2, while irradiation is the total solar radiation energy measured in J/m2.
    • Solar constant (Isc) is the average solar radiation reaching a surface perpendicular to the sun's rays, with a value of 1367 W/m2.

    Photovoltaic Cells

    • Edmond Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect in 1839.
    • The first true solar cell was reported by Charles Fritts in 1894.
    • Bell Laboratories made significant advancements in photovoltaic technology in the 1950s, using doped silicon to achieve 5.7% efficiency.

    Studying Photovoltaic Cells

    • Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials.
    • Key aspects of studying solar cells include:
      • Solar energy utilization.
      • Classification of solar cells.
      • Basic functioning of solar cells.
      • Semiconductors in solar cells.
      • Material development for solar cell technology.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential role of energy in our lives, focusing on both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It highlights India's energy landscape, including the challenges posed by greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector. Test your knowledge of different energy types and their impact on our environment!

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