Energy Consumption and Resources Overview
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Energy Consumption and Resources Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which principle is NOT recommended for guiding initiatives in India's clean energy future?

  • Promote social and environmental equity
  • Prioritize efficiency and competitiveness
  • Invest in least-cost energy solutions
  • Focus solely on fossil fuel investments (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of energy in our daily lives?

  • To provide light, heat, and facilitate transportation (correct)
  • To reduce environmental impact
  • To create entertainment and leisure activities
  • To generate wealth and economy

    • How is 1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) related to energy?

  • It equals 10 Gcal
  • It equals 41.868 Mtoe
  • It equals 1000 kilojoules
  • It equals 11.63 megawatt-hours (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of energy sources?

    <p>Cost-effectiveness of consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes 'Mtoe'?

    <p>A metric unit for measuring energy equivalent to oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of India's total greenhouse gas emissions was attributed to the electricity sector in 2016–2017?

    <p>34 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage of India's electricity generation that came from coal in 2019–2020?

    <p>72 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2022, what was the national renewable energy target set by the Indian government?

    <p>175 GW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about solar energy in India?

    <p>Solar has consistently been among the lowest-cost electricity sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the installed capacity of coal in India's electricity supply in 2019–2020?

    <p>55 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average value of the solar constant (Isc) that defines average radiation on a perpendicular surface to sun rays reaching the earth?

    <p>1367 W/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the fraction of total solar radiant energy reflected back to space?

    <p>Albedo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scattering process involves molecules of different gases leading to a depletion of solar radiation?

    <p>Rayleigh scattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of mean monthly values of direct solar radiation received in India at 12 noon?

    <p>0.51 to 1.05 kW/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the total amount of solar radiation energy?

    <p>Irradiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases has a role in selective absorption of solar radiation?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intensity of solar radiation at the surface of the Sun?

    <p>~ 6.33 x 10^7 W/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the scattered radiation is typically lost to space?

    <p>Nearly half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a non-renewable energy source?

    <p>It is finite and gets depleted upon consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of renewable energy sources?

    <p>They ensure a persistent flow of energy and are sustainable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electricity is classified as which type of energy source?

    <p>Secondary energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration regarding energy consumption?

    <p>Efficient consumption is vital due to environmental impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sustainability' in energy sources imply?

    <p>Energy sources that can be replenished at a rate equal to consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key disadvantage of non-renewable energy sources?

    <p>They can pollute the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of renewable energy sources?

    <p>They are derived from finite resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to consume energy in an efficient manner?

    <p>To mitigate the environmental impacts of all energy sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the photovoltaic effect?

    <p>Edmond Becquerel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the efficiency of the solar cell reported by Bell laboratories in the 1950s?

    <p>5.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the first true solar cell reported?

    <p>1894</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is commonly used in solar cells?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key points discussed about solar cell technology?

    <p>Importance of materials development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification does not represent an energy source discussed?

    <p>Nuclear Energy Sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which team was involved in advancing solar cell technology in the 1950s?

    <p>G. Pearson, D. Chapin, and C. Fuller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Directly convert sunlight into electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Consumption and Resources

    • Energy is essential for life and is used for various purposes like lighting, heating, communication, manufacturing, and transportation
    • We need to understand the characteristics of different energy sources and how they can be transformed.
    • An average adult consumes energy throughout the day, with food being the primary source.

    Primary Energy Sources

    • Primary energy sources are finite and come from naturally occurring resources.
    • Non-renewable energy sources are depleted on consumption and cannot be replenished at a speed comparable to their consumption
    • Renewable Energy Sources are naturally available and provide a continuous flow of energy.

    India's Energy Landscape

    • India's electricity sector is its largest greenhouse gas emitter, accounting for 34% of the country's total emissions in 2016-2017.
    • Coal dominates India's electricity supply, contributing 55% of the installed capacity and 72% of generation in 2019-2020.
    • India has seen a rapid growth in renewable energy, primarily solar and wind, which have become the country's most cost-effective sources of electricity.
    • The government of India has set a target of 175 GW of solar and wind energy by 2022 and 500 GW by 2030.

    Solar Energy

    • Solar energy is a renewable source, but it is affected by atmospheric conditions like absorption, scattering, and cloud cover.
    • Albedo represents the fraction of solar radiation reflected back into space, with a value of 0.30 for Earth.
    • Insolation, the solar radiation intensity on a surface, is measured in W/m2 or kW/m2, while irradiation is the total solar radiation energy measured in J/m2.
    • Solar constant (Isc) is the average solar radiation reaching a surface perpendicular to the sun's rays, with a value of 1367 W/m2.

    Photovoltaic Cells

    • Edmond Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect in 1839.
    • The first true solar cell was reported by Charles Fritts in 1894.
    • Bell Laboratories made significant advancements in photovoltaic technology in the 1950s, using doped silicon to achieve 5.7% efficiency.

    Studying Photovoltaic Cells

    • Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials.
    • Key aspects of studying solar cells include:
      • Solar energy utilization.
      • Classification of solar cells.
      • Basic functioning of solar cells.
      • Semiconductors in solar cells.
      • Material development for solar cell technology.

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