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Questions and Answers
Which of the following energy resources can be naturally replaced?
Which of the following energy resources can be naturally replaced?
What is the main disadvantage of using coal?
What is the main disadvantage of using coal?
How is natural gas formed?
How is natural gas formed?
Which energy resource is classified as nonrenewable?
Which energy resource is classified as nonrenewable?
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What environmental impact is associated with the use of hydropower?
What environmental impact is associated with the use of hydropower?
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What is a significant advantage of fossil fuels?
What is a significant advantage of fossil fuels?
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What type of energy is produced when coal is burned?
What type of energy is produced when coal is burned?
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Which of the following can cause acid rain?
Which of the following can cause acid rain?
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What is a significant advantage of nuclear energy?
What is a significant advantage of nuclear energy?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of geothermal energy?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of geothermal energy?
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What is one significant disadvantage of solar energy?
What is one significant disadvantage of solar energy?
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What are the three key components required for combustion to occur?
What are the three key components required for combustion to occur?
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What is one disadvantage of hydropower?
What is one disadvantage of hydropower?
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Which phenomenon is primarily caused by the Moon's gravity?
Which phenomenon is primarily caused by the Moon's gravity?
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What is a benefit of tidal energy?
What is a benefit of tidal energy?
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What type of combustion occurs when fuel reaches ignition temperature without an external source?
What type of combustion occurs when fuel reaches ignition temperature without an external source?
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What is a disadvantage of wind energy?
What is a disadvantage of wind energy?
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What is a characteristic property of ignition temperature?
What is a characteristic property of ignition temperature?
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Which energy source is considered renewable and environmentally friendly?
Which energy source is considered renewable and environmentally friendly?
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Which of the following is an advantage of solar energy?
Which of the following is an advantage of solar energy?
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What is one of the visible signs of combustion?
What is one of the visible signs of combustion?
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How does passive heating work in homes?
How does passive heating work in homes?
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What is a common challenge associated with tidal power?
What is a common challenge associated with tidal power?
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What impact do tides have on the environment?
What impact do tides have on the environment?
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What is the neutron-to-proton ratio for heavier elements to remain stable?
What is the neutron-to-proton ratio for heavier elements to remain stable?
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Which of the following is considered a 'magic number' that increases nuclear stability?
Which of the following is considered a 'magic number' that increases nuclear stability?
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Which type of radiation has the lowest penetration power?
Which type of radiation has the lowest penetration power?
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What process describes a large nucleus splitting into smaller nuclei?
What process describes a large nucleus splitting into smaller nuclei?
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What is the primary use of nuclear fusion?
What is the primary use of nuclear fusion?
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Which type of radiation requires lead or concrete shielding due to its high penetration ability?
Which type of radiation requires lead or concrete shielding due to its high penetration ability?
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What technique uses radioactive decay of carbon-14 to determine the age of organic materials?
What technique uses radioactive decay of carbon-14 to determine the age of organic materials?
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What is an essential characteristic of unstable nuclei?
What is an essential characteristic of unstable nuclei?
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What does oceanic circulation primarily refer to?
What does oceanic circulation primarily refer to?
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Which factor does NOT affect surface ocean currents?
Which factor does NOT affect surface ocean currents?
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What is the primary role of thermohaline circulation?
What is the primary role of thermohaline circulation?
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What type of air mass is characterized as dry and forms over land?
What type of air mass is characterized as dry and forms over land?
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How does a cyclone typically affect weather?
How does a cyclone typically affect weather?
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Which statement about anticyclones is correct?
Which statement about anticyclones is correct?
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What happens when two different air masses meet?
What happens when two different air masses meet?
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What is the effect of the Coriolis effect on ocean currents?
What is the effect of the Coriolis effect on ocean currents?
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What is a primary by-product of nuclear fission?
What is a primary by-product of nuclear fission?
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Which type of energy generation has a higher energy yield?
Which type of energy generation has a higher energy yield?
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Which air contaminant is primarily produced from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels?
Which air contaminant is primarily produced from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels?
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What effect do weak prevailing winds have on air pollutants?
What effect do weak prevailing winds have on air pollutants?
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What is one of the health effects associated with Ozone at ground level?
What is one of the health effects associated with Ozone at ground level?
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Which air contaminant is known as a potent greenhouse gas emitted from agriculture?
Which air contaminant is known as a potent greenhouse gas emitted from agriculture?
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What atmospheric condition can worsen air quality in cities like Los Angeles?
What atmospheric condition can worsen air quality in cities like Los Angeles?
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Which type of energy generation relies primarily on abundant hydrogen for fuel?
Which type of energy generation relies primarily on abundant hydrogen for fuel?
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Study Notes
Energy Resources
- Renewable energy can be replaced naturally (e.g., solar, wind, hydro).
- Non-renewable energy takes millions of years to form (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).
Technologies to Produce Electricity
- Lithosphere: Oil drilling, natural gas, coal mining. Coal, natural gas are mined and transformed into electricity.
- Hydrosphere: Water flow in dams powers turbines to produce electricity.
- Atmosphere: Wind turbines and solar panels.
Oceanic Circulation
- Refers to the movement of ocean water, both on the surface and below.
- Factors affecting surface currents: wind, Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect), temperature, salinity, and density. Warm water rises, cold water sinks, and saltier water is heavier and sinks, and cold, salty water is denser and moves deeper.
- Thermohaline circulation (Global Conveyor Belt): Moves warm water from the equator to the poles and cold water back to the equator.
- Example: The Gulf Stream carries warm water to the east coast of North America, making winters less cold.
Air Masses
- Types of Air Masses:
- Continental (dry, forms over land).
- Maritime (moist, forms over water).
- Polar (cold, forms near the poles).
- Tropical (warm, forms near the equator).
- Formation of Clouds: Warm air rises over cold air when two different air masses meet.
- Air masses with the same temperature, humidity, and pressure.
Cyclones and Anticyclones
- Cyclone: A low-pressure system where warm air rises, bringing cloudy, windy, and rainy weather. Air moves towards the low-pressure center,counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
- Anticyclone: A high-pressure system where air sinks, bringing clear, calm, and sunny weather. Air moves outward from the high-pressure center, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
Combustion
- Combustion: A chemical reaction where fuel reacts with oxygen to release heat and light; requires fuel, oxidizing agent, and ignition temperature.
- Perceivable signs of combustion: flames, heat, light, smoke.
Fire Triangle
- The three key factors necessary for combustion are fuel, oxygen, and heat. If any one of these is removed, the fire stops.
- Fuel examples: solids (wood, paper), liquids (gasoline, alcohol), gases (natural gas, propane).
- Oxidizing agent examples: air (oxygen), halogens, potassium nitrate.
- Heat examples: the sun, sparks, friction, electrical energy
Rapid and Slow Combustion
- Rapid combustion: log fires, explosions
- Slow combustion: metal corrosion, rust.
- Spontaneous combustion: fuel reaches ignition temperature without external heat source; forest fires
Nuclear Stability
- Nuclear stability is the ability of an atomic nucleus to remain intact without decaying.
- Stability depends on the neutron-to-proton ratio and the strong nuclear force.
Radioactive Decay
- Unstable atomic nuclei release particles (alpha, beta, or neutrons) or energy (gamma rays) to become stable.
- Alpha particles: low penetration.
- Beta particles: moderate penetration.
- Gamma rays: high penetration.
Nuclear Fission and Fusion
- Fission: A large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing energy (used in power plants and atomic bombs).
- Fusion: Small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing immense energy (occurs in the Sun).
Atmospheric Circulation and Air Pollution
- Prevailing winds (e.g., trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies) affect pollutant dispersal.
- Horizontal transport: Pollutants travel vast distances.
- Vertical mixing: Strong upward winds dilute pollutants.
- Local impacts: Weak winds trap pollutants, causing smog; temperature inversions (warm air trapping cooler air) worsen air quality.
Types of Air Contaminants
- Particulate matter (PM): Tiny particles (dust, soot, smoke); respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
- Carbon monoxide (CO): Incomplete fossil fuel combustion; reduces oxygen in blood.
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2): Burning coal/oil; acid rain.
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx): Vehicle emissions; smog, respiratory problems.
- Methane (CH4): Agriculture, waste; potent greenhouse gas.
- Ozone (O3): Smog; lung irritation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various energy resources, including renewable and nonrenewable forms. Explore the advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources like coal, natural gas, and hydropower. This quiz covers essential concepts related to environmental impacts and the science behind energy production.
