Lecture 8
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Questions and Answers

Which economic activity is the largest energy consumer in the EU?

  • Manufacturing
  • Transport (correct)
  • Firms
  • Households

    • What is the main reason for the EU's push towards energy transition?

  • To improve energy availability and reliability
  • Environmental objectives, particularly decarbonization after Paris Agreement (2015) (correct)
  • To increase affordability of energy for households and firms
  • To reduce dependence on Russian gas and petrol

    • What is the main source of energy consumed by end users in the EU?

  • Petroleum products (correct)
  • Renewables
  • Coal
  • Nuclear

    • What is the dependency rate of the EU on energy imports in 2021?

    <p>56%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clause of the TFEU was used to allow Member States to make full use of flexibility provided for in state aid rules in order to support the economy during the COVID-19 outbreak?

    <p>Art 107(3) TFEU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Temporary Framework for State Aid extended until?

    <p>31 December 2023</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Commission issue guidance on to Member States on 26 March 2020?

    <p>EU Screening Regulation on foreign direct investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)?

    <p>To decrease the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

    <p>A carbon tariff on carbon intensive products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

    <p>To prevent the risk of 'carbon leakage'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which products will be subject to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) initially?

    <p>Cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)?

    <p>A market-based instrument that implements the 'polluter pays' principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Fourth EU energy package?

    <p>A package of directives and regulations focused on clean energy for all Europeans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the European Green Deal?

    <p>To achieve net zero emissions by 2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

    <p>To impose tariffs on goods imported from countries with lower environmental standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the activation of the safeguard clause of the Stability and Growth Pact proposed by the Commission on March 20, 2020?

    <p>It was introduced in 2011 during the previous financial crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Next Generation EU recovery instrument proposed by the EU?

    <p>To revise the initial MFF proposal for the period 2021-2027</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the European Green Deal proposed by the EU?

    <p>To limit warming to well below 2°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the GHG emissions in the EU?

    <p>The EU accounts for 7% of the total GHG emissions in the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of GHG emissions in the EU?

    <p>Energy consumption and production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest energy consumer in the EU?

    <p>Transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the EU's current dependency rate on energy imports?

    <p>56%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first energy source produced by EU countries?

    <p>Renewables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what clause of the TFEU did the Commission allow Member States to make full use of flexibility provided for in state aid rules in order to support the economy during the COVID-19 outbreak?

    <p>Art 107(3) TFEU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Until when was the Temporary Framework for State Aid extended?

    <p>30 June 2022</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Commission's guidance to Member States on foreign direct investment issued on 26 March 2020?

    <p>To protect European technology and critical assets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)?

    <p>The cap on allowances decreases every year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

    <p>To prevent carbon leakage and encourage businesses to reduce emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic activities will be subject to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) initially?

    <p>Cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of extending the EU ETS to household consumption of gas and coal?

    <p>To encourage households to reduce their carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the European Green Deal?

    <p>A strategy proposed by the EU to transition towards a sustainable and carbon-neutral economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)?

    <p>To reduce greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the European Climate Law?

    <p>To achieve net zero emissions by 2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Title Transfer Facility (TTF)?

    <p>The main European hub or market for gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the European Green Deal proposed by the EU?

    <p>To limit global warming and fight climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

    <p>To limit global warming and fight climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries account for 55% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions?

    <p>China, the USA, and Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the European Temporary Support Instrument for Mitigating the Risks of Unemployment in an Emergency (SURE)?

    <p>To mitigate the risks of unemployment in an emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Consumption in the EU

    • The largest energy consumer in the EU is the industry sector.
    • The main source of energy consumed by end users in the EU is oil.

    Energy Transition and EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)

    • The EU's push towards energy transition is driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
    • The EU ETS is a cap-and-trade system aimed at reducing GHG emissions from power and industry sectors.
    • The purpose of the EU ETS is to create a financial incentive for companies to invest in low-carbon technologies.

    Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

    • The CBAM is a mechanism aimed at reducing the risk of carbon leakage by imposing a carbon cost on imports of certain products.
    • The purpose of the CBAM is to encourage countries outside the EU to adopt similar climate policies.
    • The CBAM will initially apply to products such as cement, steel, and aluminum.

    EU's Dependency on Energy Imports

    • The EU's dependency rate on energy imports is 55% (as of 2021).

    State Aid and COVID-19 Response

    • The Commission allowed Member States to make full use of flexibility provided for in state aid rules during the COVID-19 outbreak under Article 107(3)(b) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
    • The Temporary Framework for State Aid was extended until December 2021.
    • The Commission issued guidance on foreign direct investment to Member States on March 26, 2020.

    European Green Deal and Climate Law

    • The objective of the European Green Deal is to become climate-neutral by 2050.
    • The main objective of the European Climate Law is to enshrine the EU's 2050 climate neutrality target into law.

    Next Generation EU Recovery Instrument

    • The purpose of the Next Generation EU recovery instrument is to support the EU's recovery from the COVID-19 crisis and to promote the transition to a climate-neutral economy.

    Other Key Facts

    • The primary cause of GHG emissions in the EU is the industry sector.
    • The first energy source produced by EU countries is nuclear energy.
    • The Title Transfer Facility (TTF) is a virtual trading point for natural gas in the Netherlands.
    • China, the United States, and the EU account for 55% of global GHG emissions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on energy consumption and decarbonization with this quiz! Learn about the EU's energy usage, GHG emissions, and reduction targets for 2030. Keywords: energy, consumption, production, GHG emissions, decarbonization, reduction targets.

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