Energy Classifications Quiz

Course Information

• Course Title: Environmental Management
• Course Code: ENV 214
• Lecturer: Haniyum Maria Khan (Hmk1)
• Senior Lecturer, ESM
• Lecturer: 15-16
• Institution: North South University

Learning Objectives

• Understand various energy types, forms, and classifications
• Understand energy management benefits for production sites
• Gain practical knowledge of energy management techniques
• Understand how energy management systems enhance production sites
• Learn how to conduct energy-saving feasibility studies
• Introduce background of energy and its forms
• Understand Classifications of Energy

What is Energy?

• Scientists define energy as the ability to do work.

Forms of Energy

• Mechanical
• Electromagnetic
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Thermal

Mechanical Energy

• Energy due to an object's motion (kinetic) or position (potential)

Electromagnetic Energy

• Electromagnetic energy originates from electromagnetic radiation
• Examples include gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio waves

Electric Energy

• Energy caused by electron movement

Chemical Energy

• Energy available for release from chemical reactions

Thermal Energy

• Thermal energy is the energy of motion of atoms or molecules in a quantity of matter

Energy Classifications

• Primary energy: Energy inherent in natural resources prior to human transformations. Examples include coal, crude oil, sunlight, wind, rivers, vegetation, and uranium.
• Secondary energy: More convenient energy forms transformed from primary energy via conversion processes. Examples include electricity (from coal, oil, natural gas, wind, water, nuclear), gasoline, and hydrogen fuels.

Renewable Energy

• Obtained from resources naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Non-renewable Energy

• Generated from sources that will not be replenished for thousands or millions of years. Fossil fuels are the primary example.

Energy Used in Textile Factories (Bangladesh)

• Electricity (machinery, cooling, lighting, etc.)
• Oil (boilers for steam generation)
• Fuel Oil
• Kerosene
• Liquefied petroleum gas
• Coal

Renewable Energy and Conservation

• Solar Energy
• Thermal Energy (steam)

Energy Management: Managing Energy for Optimization

• Understand the purpose of energy management
• Learn energy management procedures
• Optimize energy usage

Energy Efficiency

• A measure of useful energy output versus energy input, evaluated across technology, equipment, operation, and performance levels.
• Performance efficiency: Determined by external indicators (security, production, cost, energy sources, environmental impact, etc.)
• Operation efficiency: Proper coordination of (physical, time, and human) system components.
• Equipment efficiency: Measured by output of individual equipment considering technology design specifications.
• Technology efficiency: Measured by energy conversion, processing, transmission and usage. Affected by natural laws, such as energy conservation.

Energy Efficiency Indicators

• Feasibility
• Life-cycle cost and return on investment
• Coefficients in converting/processing/transmitting rate

Energy Management (Definition)

• The use of engineering and economic principles to control the cost of energy necessary to operate buildings and industrial facilities.
• Maximizing profits by judiciously using energy while minimizing costs and enhancing competitive positions.

Goal and Objectives of Energy Management

• Produce goods and services with the lowest possible costs and minimal environmental impact
• Achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization, minimizing costs/waste without compromising production and quality. Minimize environmental impact

Approaches to Energy Management

• Ad hoc approach - Costs fluctuate, audits infrequent
• Structured approach - Management commitment to program, savings sustained

Ad Hoc Approach (Diagram)

• Costs/investment fluctuate in the short term, with spikes and then dips. Overall increases.

Ad Hoc Approach

• Describes an approach without a structured plan to manage energy. Costs related to energy are unpredictable.

Structured Approach

• Shows investment in savings upfront but stable and predictable long-term savings as production continues.

Structured Approach (Description)

• Describes a structured, comprehensive, and integrated approach for organizations to address energy management.

Typical Areas for Savings (Energy Management)

• Lighting systems: Improved efficiency reduces electricity costs and generating plant requirements.
• Boilers and compressors: Auditing these systems identifies inefficiencies and opportunities for technology, equipment, and operation improvements (e.g., heat cascading, insulation, maintenance).
• Motors: Monitoring motor health can save up to 18% of energy consumption

Typical Areas for Savings (Energy Management) (continued)

• HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning): Optimizing systems saves energy without sacrificing comfort. Identify leakages and improve maintenance routines.

Operation & Maintenance Efficiency

• Developing a strategic plan based on factory settings

Water Management

• Importance of optimizing water management in energy management projects

ISO 50001-2011 Process (Diagram)

• Continuous loop focused on energy policy, planning, implementation, checking, monitoring, corrective action, management review, and continual improvement.

Benefits of Implementing ISO 50001

• Allows the establishment and improvement of energy systems and processes
• A continuous improvement process is introduced
• Energy monitoring and analysis processes are formalized
• Energy policy and objectives are formalized
• Energy efficiency, energy use and consumption are improved; drives innovation

Importance of Feasibility Studies

• Rising energy costs
• Limited availability of energy resources
• Global competition
• Global warming and climate change

Importance of Feasibility Studies (continued)

• Energy is now too expensive to waste
• A saved kilowatt hour (kWh) is better than a generated kWh
• Energy conservation is considered a critical resource
• Reducing air pollution

Typical Energy Efficiency Values in Presentation

• Energy consumption reductions up to 18%
• 94% of electrical energy usage in compressors is dissipated as heat
• Reducing 2.75 pounds of carbon dioxide for every pound of methane combusted

Acid Rain Distribution (Map)

• Map showing areas with high acid sensitivity

Improved Environmental Quality

• Reduced energy consumption results in less airborne particulate, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide emissions, acid rain, and coal/petroleum field development's on-site pollution.
• Reduced cooling requirements/efficient systems reduce CFC use, reduces ozone depletion.