ENV 214 Environmental Management Lecture Notes PDF

ENV 214 Environmental Management Lecture 15-16: Energy Management System Haniyum Maria Khan (Hmk1) Senior Lecturer, ESM North South University Learning objectives  Understand the different types of energy, energy forms and energy classification;  Understand the benefits of energy management a...

ENV 214 Environmental Management Lecture 15-16: Energy Management System Haniyum Maria Khan (Hmk1) Senior Lecturer, ESM North South University Learning objectives  Understand the different types of energy, energy forms and energy classification;  Understand the benefits of energy management and how this applies to your production site;  Gain practical knowledge on the different techniques for energy management;  Understand how an energy management system can add value to your production site;  Learn how to undertake an energy saving feasibility study. 2 | Energy Management Learning Objectives Introduce background idea about energy and its forms Understand Classifications of Energy 3 | Energy Management What is Energy?  Scientists define ENERGY as the ability to do work. 4 | Energy management Forms of Energy Mechanical Electromagnetic Electrical Chemical, and Thermal 5 | Energy Management Mechanical Energy  Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential). 6 | Energy Management Electromagnetic Energy  Electromagnetic energy comes from electromagnetic radiation.  Light  gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands 7 | Energy Management Electric Energy  Energy caused by the movement of electrons. 8 | Energy Management Chemical Energy  Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions. 9 | Energy Management Thermal Energy  Thermal energy is the energy of motion of the atoms or molecules within a quantity of matter. 10 | Energy Management Energy Classifications  Primary energy is the energy embodied in natural resources prior to undergoing any human-made conversions or transformations. Examples of primary energy resources include coal, crude oil, sunlight, wind, running rivers, vegetation, and uranium.  Secondary energy refers to the more convenient forms of energy which are transformed from other, primary, energy sources through energy conversion processes. Examples are electricity, which is transformed from primary sources such as coal, raw oil, fuel oil, natural gas, wind, sun, streaming water, nuclear power, gasoline etc., but also refined fuels such as gasoline or synthetic fuels such as hydrogen fuels. 11 | Energy Management Energy Classifications  Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.  Nonrenewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished for thousands or even millions of years. Most sources of non-renewable energy are fossil fuels. 12 | Energy management For textile and garments factories, common forms of energy used in Bangladesh are:  Electricity is the most common power source for machinery, cooling & temperature control system, lighting, equipment etc.  Oil for boilers which generate steam  Fuel Oil  Kerosene  Liquefied petroleum gas  Coal For renewable energy and energy conservation, now two forms of energy are aggressively explored, they are:  Solar Energy  Thermal Energy (like Steam) 13 | Title of Presentation Session 02 Energy Management: Managing Energy for Optimization Learning Objectives To understand the purpose of energy management To learn procedures of energy management To address optimization of energy usage 15 | Energy Management Energy Efficiency  Energy efficiency is a measure of useful energy output versus energy input It comes in four levels:  Technology  Equipment  Operation  Performance 16 | Energy Management Energy Efficiency  Performance efficiency is determined by external but deterministic system indicators such as energy security, production, cost, energy sources, environmental impact, technical indicators etc.  Operation efficiency is a system evaluated by considering the proper coordination of different system components. This coordination of system components consists of the physical, time, and human coordination parts. 17 | Energy Management Energy Efficiency  Equipment efficiency is a measure of the energy output of isolated individual energy equipment with respect to given technology design specifications.  Technology efficiency is a measure of efficiency of energy conversion, processing, transmission, and usage; and it is often limited by natural laws such as the energy conservation law. 18 | Energy Management Energy Efficiency  It is evaluated by the following indicators: feasibility; life-cycle cost and return on investment; and coefficients in the conversing/ processing/ transmitting rate. 19 | Energy Management Energy Management  The use of engineering and economic principles to control the cost of energy to provide needed services in buildings and industries. Association of Energy Engineers  The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions. (Cape Hart, Turner and Kennedy, Guide to Energy Management Fairmont press inc. 1997) 20 | Energy Management Goal and Objectives of EM  The fundamental goal of energy management is to produce goods and provide services with the least cost and least environmental effect. 21 | Energy Management Goal and Objectives of EM  The objective of Energy Management is to achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilization, throughout the organization and:  To minimize energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality;  To minimize environmental effects. 22 | Energy Management Approaches to Energy Management  Ad hoc approach  Structured approach 23 | Energy Management Ad hoc Approach 24 | Energy Management Ad hoc Approach Around 94 percent of the electrical energy consumed by an air compressor is given off in the form of heat. Using this waste heat is therefore an important criterion of the energy efficiency of a compressed air station. 25 | Energy Management Structured Approach 26 | Energy Management Structured Approach  This structured approach is an integrated effort to include all stakeholders and view this management as the fundamental policy of the company.  The company management should understand: Energy management requires initial investment; It should be company policy; Authorities should adopt it as company culture. 27 | Energy Management Session 04 Energy Management Value Benefits of Energy Management Learning Objectives To understand benefits of energy management To learn the value of energy management 29 | Energy Management Energy Management Value Benefits of Energy Efficiency Reduced GHG Emission Energy Prices International Resource Management Development Goals Job Creations Public Budget Impacts National Macroeconomic Effects Energy Security Industrial Productivity and Competitiveness Sector Energy Provider and Infrastructure Benefits Specific Asset Values 30 | Energy Management However, for factories there are several benefits of energy management. These are: 1. Savings cost of operation of the factory 2. Reduce less emission of carbon, save energy 3. Increase life span of equipment 4. Ensure optimum usage of energy, thus need less energy 5. Ensure better factory environment from less usage of energy 6. Reduce health hazard 31 | Energy Management Reduced GHG Emission  2.75 pounds of carbon dioxide is produced for every pound of methane combusted.  Energy management, by reducing the combustion of methane can dramatically reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and help reduce global warming. 32 | Energy Management  Reduced GHG Emission 33 | Energy Management Acid Rain Distribution in World 34 | Energy Management Improved Environmental Quality  Less energy consumption means less airborne particulate matter;  Less energy consumption means Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide (NO) emitted by the power plant and thus less acid rain problems;  Less energy consumption means less coal/petroleum field development and subsequent on-site pollution; 35 | Energy Management Improved Environmental Quality  Less energy consumption means less thermal pollution at power plants and less cooling water discharge; and  Reduced cooling requirements or more efficient satisfaction of those needs means less CFC usage and reduced ozone depletion in the stratosphere. 36 | Energy Management Typical Area of Savings by EM  Lighting system The efficient use of lighting system can save the factory significant amount of electricity charges and reduced generating plant requirements.  Boiler & Compressor There are many ways by which energy usage for boiler and compressor can be saved. At first audit the boiler and compressor and identify the technology, equipment, and operation inefficiency and energy losses. 37 | Energy Management Typical Area of Savings by EM  Boiler & Compressor Some potential examples of savings include: Recover and use heat from industrial furnace through:  heat cascading;  proper heating methods;  proper furnace insulation and maintenance techniques;  keeping the boiler clean;  removing all leaks of steam; Also identify the heat distribution systems (such as steam and condensate). 38 | Energy Management  Motor  Monitoring electric motor health can reduce energy consumption up to 18%  Technology can provide line conditioning for improved motor reliability and reduced maintenance downtime  HVAC system  Optimization of energy usage heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC)  Systems  Removing any leakage from HVAC system  Proper maintenance  Without sacrifice of thermal comfort, to reset the suitable operating parameters, such as the chilled water temperature and supply air temperature would have energy saving  Analyze HVAC system from water side and air side and develop customize system for your factory (simulation-optimization approach) 39 | Energy Management  Operation & Maintenance efficiency  From your factory settings, develop action plan  Water management opportunity This is an issue for energy management  Identify optimization for water management 40 | Energy Management ISO 50001-2011 41 | Energy Management ISO 50001-2011 ACT Conduct management review Take actions Improve EnMS Improve performance CHECK Monitor: Measure Processes Key characteristics Operations Performance DO Implement action plan PLAN Policy Energy Review Baseline/ EnPI Objectives, Targets Action Plans 42 | Energy Management The Structure of ISO 50001 1. Scope 2. Normative references 3. Classifications and definitions 4. Energy management system requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.2 Management responsibility 4.3 Energy policy 4.4 Energy planning 4.5 Implementation and operation 4.6 Checking 4.7 Management review Annex A Guidance on the use of this International Standard Annex B Correspondence between ISO 50001:2011, ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 22000:2005 Bibliography 43 | Energy Management Applying ISO 50001  Applies to all factors that can be monitored and influenced by the organization to affect energy use  Designed to be used independently, yet can be aligned or integrated with other management systems (e.g., ISO 9001 and ISO 14001). Applicable to all organizations that use energy  Can be implemented at the corporate or facility level  Does not prescribe specific performance criteria or results with respect to energy 44 | Energy Management Benefits of Implementing ISO 50001 An energy management system (EnMS):  Allows systems and processes to be established to improve energy performance, energy use and energy consumption  Introduces a continual improvement process  Creates energy monitoring plans as well as energy analysis activities  Formalizes energy policy and objectives  Improves energy efficiency, energy consumption and use, and the drive toward innovation 45 | Energy Management Importance of Feasibility Study Adaptation of Most Efficient Energy Conservation Measures: WHY?  Rising Costs of Energy  Limited Availability of Energy Resources  Global Competitive market of Products  Global Warming and Climate Change 46 | Energy Management Importance of Feasibility Study  Energy Is Now too Expensive to be Wasted  A kWh saved is better than a kWh Generated  Energy Conservation is Now Considered as a 5th Fuel  Reduction of Air Pollution 47 | Energy Management