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Questions and Answers
What is the BMI threshold for obesity in adults according to the US DHHS?
What is the BMI threshold for obesity in adults according to the US DHHS?
- BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m$^2$ (correct)
- BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m$^2$
- BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m$^2$
- BMI greater than or equal to 28 kg/m$^2$
According to the US CDC and Prevention growth charts, what BMI percentile indicates obesity in children and adolescents?
According to the US CDC and Prevention growth charts, what BMI percentile indicates obesity in children and adolescents?
- BMI = 5th to < 85th percentile
- BMI < 5th percentile
- BMI ≥ 95th percentile (correct)
- BMI = 85th to < 95th percentile
What percentage of the world's population is affected by obesity according to WHO?
What percentage of the world's population is affected by obesity according to WHO?
- 25%
- 13% (correct)
- 8%
- 18%
What percentage of adults in the United States were classified as severely obese in 2010?
What percentage of adults in the United States were classified as severely obese in 2010?
What percentage of the variability among individuals in absolute & relative body fat is attributed to genetic factors?
What percentage of the variability among individuals in absolute & relative body fat is attributed to genetic factors?
What is the probability that adolescents become obese adults if one or both parents are overweight or obese?
What is the probability that adolescents become obese adults if one or both parents are overweight or obese?
What is the effect of having a higher SAT:VAT ratio on the risk for metabolic & cardiovascular disease?
What is the effect of having a higher SAT:VAT ratio on the risk for metabolic & cardiovascular disease?
What happens to the number of fat cells in lean & obese adults according to the traditional theory?
What happens to the number of fat cells in lean & obese adults according to the traditional theory?
What did Tchoukalova & Colleagues observe in normal-weight adult men & women after inducing a body fat gain of about 4 kg?
What did Tchoukalova & Colleagues observe in normal-weight adult men & women after inducing a body fat gain of about 4 kg?
What factors are associated with obesity according to the text?
What factors are associated with obesity according to the text?
What percentage of children were obese when both parents were of normal weight?
What percentage of children were obese when both parents were of normal weight?
What is the prevalence range of obesity and overweight among adults aged 20-74 in the US?
What is the prevalence range of obesity and overweight among adults aged 20-74 in the US?
What percentage of adults aged 20-74 in the US have a BMI ≥ 30?
What percentage of adults aged 20-74 in the US have a BMI ≥ 30?
What are some risks of obesity?
What are some risks of obesity?
What are some risks of being underweight?
What are some risks of being underweight?
What are the main types of obesity based on body fat distribution?
What are the main types of obesity based on body fat distribution?
What are some causes of overweight and obesity?
What are some causes of overweight and obesity?
What measures play a role in energy need and expenditure?
What measures play a role in energy need and expenditure?
What are the measures of energy needed for essential physiological functions?
What are the measures of energy needed for essential physiological functions?
How is energy need and expenditure measured?
How is energy need and expenditure measured?
What are the different etiologies and subtypes of obesity?
What are the different etiologies and subtypes of obesity?
How do metabolic characteristics differ among individuals?
How do metabolic characteristics differ among individuals?
What components comprise total energy expenditure?
What components comprise total energy expenditure?
What does the Doubly-Labeled Water Method use to measure Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
What does the Doubly-Labeled Water Method use to measure Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
What does 1 MET represent in Indirect Calorimetry?
What does 1 MET represent in Indirect Calorimetry?
What factors can affect Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
What factors can affect Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
What does Static Energy Balance assume?
What does Static Energy Balance assume?
When does positive energy balance occur?
When does positive energy balance occur?
What is the result of negative energy balance?
What is the result of negative energy balance?
According to Wishnofsky’s Rule, how many kcal deficit is required to lose 1 lb of body weight?
According to Wishnofsky’s Rule, how many kcal deficit is required to lose 1 lb of body weight?
How much of a cumulative energy deficit is necessary to lose 1 pound of body weight, assuming exclusive loss of adipose tissue?
How much of a cumulative energy deficit is necessary to lose 1 pound of body weight, assuming exclusive loss of adipose tissue?
In a weight loss program, what caloric deficit per day can be aimed for through reduced intake and increased exercise?
In a weight loss program, what caloric deficit per day can be aimed for through reduced intake and increased exercise?
To lose 10 lb of body weight exclusively as fat, how much of a caloric deficit is needed?
To lose 10 lb of body weight exclusively as fat, how much of a caloric deficit is needed?
What is the BMI threshold for obesity in children and adolescents according to the US CDC and Prevention growth charts?
What is the BMI threshold for obesity in children and adolescents according to the US CDC and Prevention growth charts?
What percentage of adults in the United States were classified as severely obese in 2010?
What percentage of adults in the United States were classified as severely obese in 2010?
What percentage of the world's population is affected by obesity according to WHO?
What percentage of the world's population is affected by obesity according to WHO?
What is the prevalence range of obesity and overweight among adults in the United States?
What is the prevalence range of obesity and overweight among adults in the United States?
What is the approximate percentage of interindividual variability in body weight attributed to genetic factors?
What is the approximate percentage of interindividual variability in body weight attributed to genetic factors?
What is the classification of fat cell number in obese individuals compared to non-obese individuals?
What is the classification of fat cell number in obese individuals compared to non-obese individuals?
According to the traditional theory, what happens to the number of fat cells in lean & obese adults?
According to the traditional theory, what happens to the number of fat cells in lean & obese adults?
What did Tchoukalova & Colleagues observe in normal-weight adult men & women after inducing a body fat gain of about 4 kg?
What did Tchoukalova & Colleagues observe in normal-weight adult men & women after inducing a body fat gain of about 4 kg?
What is the effect of having a higher SAT:VAT ratio on the risk for metabolic & cardiovascular disease?
What is the effect of having a higher SAT:VAT ratio on the risk for metabolic & cardiovascular disease?
What are the main factors associated with obesity according to the text?
What are the main factors associated with obesity according to the text?
What is the approximate percentage of variability in body weight associated with cultural (environmental) factors?
What is the approximate percentage of variability in body weight associated with cultural (environmental) factors?
What is the approximate percentage of children who were obese when both parents were of normal weight?
What is the approximate percentage of children who were obese when both parents were of normal weight?
What is the estimated prevalence of obesity in Canadian adults by province from 2005 to 2017/18?
What is the estimated prevalence of obesity in Canadian adults by province from 2005 to 2017/18?
What are the main types of obesity based on body fat distribution?
What are the main types of obesity based on body fat distribution?
What is the BMI threshold for obesity in adults according to the US DHHS?
What is the BMI threshold for obesity in adults according to the US DHHS?
What are the measures of energy needed for essential physiological functions?
What are the measures of energy needed for essential physiological functions?
What are the different etiologies and subtypes of obesity?
What are the different etiologies and subtypes of obesity?
What factors play a role in energy need and expenditure?
What factors play a role in energy need and expenditure?
What is the prevalence range of obesity and overweight among adults aged 20-74 in the US?
What is the prevalence range of obesity and overweight among adults aged 20-74 in the US?
What are some risks of being underweight?
What are some risks of being underweight?
What is the result of negative energy balance?
What is the result of negative energy balance?
What does Static Energy Balance assume?
What does Static Energy Balance assume?
What are the risks of obesity?
What are the risks of obesity?
What is the effect of having a higher SAT:VAT ratio on the risk for metabolic & cardiovascular disease?
What is the effect of having a higher SAT:VAT ratio on the risk for metabolic & cardiovascular disease?
What is the equation to convert oxygen consumption from mL·kg-1·min-1 to METs?
What is the equation to convert oxygen consumption from mL·kg-1·min-1 to METs?
What is the primary difference between Static Energy Balance and Dynamic Energy Balance?
What is the primary difference between Static Energy Balance and Dynamic Energy Balance?
What is the result of positive energy balance?
What is the result of positive energy balance?
According to Wishnofsky’s Rule, how many kcal deficit is required to lose 1 lb of body weight?
According to Wishnofsky’s Rule, how many kcal deficit is required to lose 1 lb of body weight?
What is the approximate daily caloric deficit needed to lose 10 lb of body weight exclusively as fat, assuming a 3500 kcal deficit is needed to lose 1 lb?
What is the approximate daily caloric deficit needed to lose 10 lb of body weight exclusively as fat, assuming a 3500 kcal deficit is needed to lose 1 lb?
What factors affect Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
What factors affect Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
What method uses deuterium and oxygen-18 to measure Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
What method uses deuterium and oxygen-18 to measure Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
What is the estimated cumulative energy deficit necessary to lose 1 pound of body weight, assuming exclusive loss of adipose tissue?
What is the estimated cumulative energy deficit necessary to lose 1 pound of body weight, assuming exclusive loss of adipose tissue?
What is the result of negative energy balance?
What is the result of negative energy balance?
What does a Digital Activity Log record?
What does a Digital Activity Log record?
What is the primary factor affecting Dynamic Energy Balance?
What is the primary factor affecting Dynamic Energy Balance?
What is the approximate percentage of interindividual variability in body weight attributed to genetic factors?
What is the approximate percentage of interindividual variability in body weight attributed to genetic factors?
Study Notes
Energy Balance and Weight Management
- Doubly-Labeled Water Method uses deuterium and oxygen-18 to measure Total Energy Expenditure (TEE).
- Indirect Calorimetry measures energy expenditure in METs, with 1 MET being equivalent to 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 of O2 consumption.
- Digital Activity Log records physical activities on a handheld computer.
- Factors affecting Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) include heredity, hormones, age, gender, body composition, size, weight changes, and exercise.
- Static Energy Balance assumes no influence between changes in energy intake and expenditure.
- Dynamic Energy Balance considers various biological and behavioral factors influencing both energy intake and expenditure.
- Positive energy balance occurs when caloric intake exceeds expenditure, leading to weight gain.
- Negative energy balance results from caloric intake being less than expenditure, causing weight loss.
- Wishnofsky’s Rule states that a 3500 kcal deficit is required to lose 1 lb of body weight.
- A cumulative energy deficit of 3500 kcal is necessary to lose 1 pound of body weight, assuming exclusive loss of adipose tissue.
- A weight loss program can aim for a calorie deficit of 700 to 800 kcal per day through reduced intake and increased exercise.
- To lose 10 lb of body weight exclusively as fat, a 35000 kcal deficit is needed, equating to a caloric deficit of 800 kcal/day for about 6.25 weeks.
Obesity and Overweight Statistics in the US and Canada
- In the US, the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults aged 20-74 ranges from 13% to 47%, with a BMI ≥ 30 at 56%.
- The prevalence of self-reported obesity among US adults, based on BRFSS data, has seen methodological changes since 2011.
- Canadian Community Health Survey data shows the estimated prevalence of obesity in Canadian adults by province from 2005 to 2017/18.
- Risks of obesity include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and various cancers.
- Risks of being underweight include cardiac arrhythmias, osteoporosis, and reproductive disorders.
- Obesity is determined by total body fat and body fat distribution, with android and gynoid obesity being the main types.
- Obesity has different etiologies and subtypes, including Metabolically Healthy, but Obese (MHO) and Metabolically Unhealthy & Obese (MUHO).
- Metabolic characteristics differ between Metabolically Healthy, Metabolically Unhealthy, and Metabolically Obese, but Normal Weight individuals.
- Causes of overweight and obesity include physiological, developmental, genetic, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors.
- Physiological factors such as metabolism, energy balance, and hormones play a role in energy need and expenditure.
- Energy need and expenditure are measured in kilocalories, with direct and indirect calorimetry used for assessment.
- Basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate are measures of energy needed for essential physiological functions, with total energy expenditure comprising various components.
Energy Balance and Weight Management
- Doubly-Labeled Water Method uses deuterium and oxygen-18 to measure Total Energy Expenditure (TEE).
- Indirect Calorimetry measures energy expenditure in METs, with 1 MET being equivalent to 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 of O2 consumption.
- Digital Activity Log records physical activities on a handheld computer.
- Factors affecting Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) include heredity, hormones, age, gender, body composition, size, weight changes, and exercise.
- Static Energy Balance assumes no influence between changes in energy intake and expenditure.
- Dynamic Energy Balance considers various biological and behavioral factors influencing both energy intake and expenditure.
- Positive energy balance occurs when caloric intake exceeds expenditure, leading to weight gain.
- Negative energy balance results from caloric intake being less than expenditure, causing weight loss.
- Wishnofsky’s Rule states that a 3500 kcal deficit is required to lose 1 lb of body weight.
- A cumulative energy deficit of 3500 kcal is necessary to lose 1 pound of body weight, assuming exclusive loss of adipose tissue.
- A weight loss program can aim for a calorie deficit of 700 to 800 kcal per day through reduced intake and increased exercise.
- To lose 10 lb of body weight exclusively as fat, a 35000 kcal deficit is needed, equating to a caloric deficit of 800 kcal/day for about 6.25 weeks.
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Test your knowledge of energy balance and weight management with this quiz. Explore concepts such as Total Energy Expenditure measurement, factors affecting Resting Metabolic Rate, energy balance principles, and weight loss strategies.
