Energy Balance and Storage Quiz

An increased chance of developing a chronic condition due to inherited genes.

Conditions like access to healthy food, safe places to exercise, and socioeconomic status that impact health.

Lifestyle choices like diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol use that contribute to chronic disease risk.

Mental health, stress, and social support systems affecting overall wellbeing and chronic disease risk.

Focuses primarily on weight loss through calorie restriction and increased physical activity. Often involves strict rules and can be linked to weight stigma.

Encourages listening to your body's hunger and fullness cues instead of external rules.

Paying attention to the eating experience, promoting enjoyment, and understanding emotional triggers related to food.

Promotes health improvement without focusing on weight loss, encouraging body acceptance, and joyful movement.

Breastfeeding triggers the release of oxytocin, a hormone that helps the uterus contract and reduce postpartum bleeding.

Breastfeeding has been linked to a reduced risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.

The demanding nature of exclusive breastfeeding can contribute to feelings of overwhelm and lead to postpartum depression.

Improper latch or frequent feeding can cause pain and soreness in the nipples.

Painful swelling of the breasts due to milk buildup.

Inflammation or infection in the breast that often occurs during breastfeeding.

Bottle feeding allows parents to measure and control the amount of formula their baby consumes.

Infant formula is often fortified with nutrients like iron and vitamin D, which may be lacking in breast milk.

A condition where blood sugar levels are elevated during pregnancy, typically requiring diet control.

A serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, requiring medical attention.

Optimizing dietary habits and health before pregnancy to improve outcomes.

Essential nutrient during preconception and pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects.

Energy requirements typically increase by 350–450 kcal/day in the second and third trimesters to support fetal growth.

Protein needs increase during pregnancy to support fetal and maternal tissue development, around 71g/day.

Fluid requirements rise to about 3 liters per day to support increased blood volume and amniotic fluid production.

Iron is crucial for increased blood volume and fetal development, requiring approximately 27mg/day.

The percentage of overweight children doubled from 1978 to 2004, but rates have stabilized in recent years.

Overweight children are more likely to develop heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension earlier in life.

About 6% of Ontario youth have metabolic syndrome, which includes a large waist circumference and at least two other risk factors like high blood pressure or high triglycerides.

Obese adolescents often experience bullying, social rejection, and low self-esteem, creating a cycle of inactivity, overeating, and emotional struggles.

Children's eating habits are shaped by family mealtime practices, exposure to diverse foods, and the eating environment.

Children are more likely to try new foods if they see their parents or peers eating them.

Tracking a child's growth using weight-for-age, length-for-age, and BMI-for-age charts is the best way to assess their nutrient intake.

Infants and young children have higher energy needs relative to body weight compared to adults because of rapid growth and development. A 2-year-old needs around 1,000 kcal/day, rising to 1,600 kcal/day by age 6.

Infants need 30-40% of their energy from fat (1-3 years), decreasing to 25-35% (4-18 years). This is higher than adult recommendations.

A 2-year-old needs 13g of protein daily, increasing to 19g by age 6. Adults need more total protein, but less relative to their body weight.

Children need 45-65% of their energy from carbohydrates, similar to adults. Focus on whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Children need 700-1,000 mg of calcium per day to support growth and bone health, differing from adult needs.

Children need 15µg of vitamin D daily to support growth and bone health, differing from adult needs.

One sign of readiness for solids is that the baby can sit up straight without help and maintain good neck control.

A method of introducing solids where babies self-feed finger foods from the start, skipping purées and spoon-feeding.

A feeding approach where parents are responsible for what, when, and where food is served, while children decide how much to eat.

Long-term consequences of inadequate nutrition, impacting different body systems and overall health. This includes things like muscle loss, weakened immunity, mental decline, and impaired growth.

A widespread issue affecting Canadians, particularly older adults and children, with significant financial and health consequences.

A significant proportion of Canadians experience malnutrition, especially upon hospital admission and in long-term care settings.

Multiple factors can contribute to malnutrition, including dietary deficiencies, chronic illnesses, socioeconomic barriers, and mental health issues.

A progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to weakness, falls, and other health issues.

Identifying sarcopenia involves assessing muscle strength, mass, and physical performance.

While both involve muscle loss, malnutrition maintains normal strength, responding to nutritional interventions, while sarcopenia involves both reduced mass and strength.

These conditions share some features but differ in their underlying causes and manifestations, requiring specific interventions.