Endothermy and Thermal Regulation
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Questions and Answers

Which type of organisms maintain a high and stable body temperature using internal heat?

  • Physiology
  • Ectotherms
  • Endotherms (correct)
  • Homeotherms
  • What is the formula for power required to maintain a heated object at a set point temperature of 37 °C?

  • P = C(Ta – Tset)
  • P = C(Ta – Tb)
  • P = C(Tset – Ta) (correct)
  • P = C(Tb – Ta)
  • What is the power when the air temperature is 37 °C?

  • Zero power (correct)
  • Cannot be determined
  • Positive power
  • Negative power
  • How does insulation affect the power required to maintain the set point temperature?

    <p>Decreases power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum energy expenditure for endothermic homeotherms called?

    <p>Basal metabolic rate (BMR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for power in the physical model below the thermoneutral zone (TNZ)?

    <p>M = C(Tb – Ta)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vasomotor responses that can change conductance in organisms?

    <p>Vasoconstriction and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the production of excess heat by non-synchronous muscle contractions?

    <p>Shivering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the production of excess heat by futile cycles?

    <p>Non-shivering thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be achieved by metabolic adjustment or changes in pelage (insulation) to tolerate cold?

    <p>Seasonal acclimatization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is responsible for the production of excess heat by futile cycles in the mitochondria?

    <p>H+ leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fat is specialized for non-shivering thermogenesis?

    <p>Brown fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximal conductance at and above the UCT (uncoupling thermogenesis) in terms of heat loads?

    <p>Both heat storage by increasing Tb and heat loss by evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat loss above the UCT?

    <p>Sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why fish are ectotherms?

    <p>They are surrounded by thermally-conductive water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for regional endothermy in fish?

    <p>Improvements in vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for retaining heat (and other things) in a small region in fish?

    <p>Rete mirabile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elevated temperature of blue fin tuna red muscle compared to water temperature called?

    <p>Endothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many separate occasions has regional endothermy evolved in bony fishes according to the text?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What improvements does regional endothermy in fish provide according to the text?

    <p>Both improvements in power output of muscles and improvements in vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

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