Endosymbiotic Theory and Evolution of Cyanobacteria Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of Apicomplexans?

Division of micronuclei

Exchanging of micronuclei

Presence of apical complex (correct)

Fusion of macronuclei

In Ciliate Conjugation, what happens to macronuclei?

Multiply rapidly

Exchange with other cells

Fuse to form a new macronucleus

Disintegrate (correct)

What is the result of micronuclei division in Ciliate Conjugation?

Cells exchange micronuclei

Formation of new macronucleus (correct)

Disintegration of macronuclei

Fusion of macronuclei

Which process involves two ciliates fusing in the oral region?

Ciliate Conjugation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the apical complex in Apicomplexans?

Assisting in invading host tissues Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the loss of the cell wall in eukaryotic cells?

To allow a flexible cell surface for growth Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ratio of surface area to volume important in cell biology?

It affects the rate of nutrient/gas exchange in a cell Signup and view all the answers

What unique chemical reactions occurred in the newly formed enclosed environments in eukaryotic cells?

Chemical reactions in the nucleus and nuclear envelope Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process was facilitated by the new flexible cell membrane in eukaryotes?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle was NOT acquired during the evolution of eukaryotic cells?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary event allowed for endosymbiosis to occur in eukaryotes?

Presence of a flexible cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which group of protists is characterized by having sacs called 'alveoli' in their cell membrane?

Chromalveolata Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why Protists are considered a 'garbage bin' classification?

They are a paraphyletic group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cilia in Ciliates?

Transport food Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dinoflagellates in the marine ecosystem?

They are important primary producers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which ciliates exchange genetic information without reproducing?

Conjugation Signup and view all the answers

Which group of protists has unicellular organisms with feeding grooves excavated from one side?

Excavata Signup and view all the answers

What gave rise to chloroplasts with 2 membranes in photosynthetic eukaryotes?

Engulfment of a cyanobacteria by eukaryotes with mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

In which group are chloroplasts with 3 membranes found as a result of secondary endosymbiosis?

Photosynthetic Euglenids Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes multicellular eukaryotes like plants, animals, and fungi?

Domain Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of chloroplasts in glaucophytes, green algae, red algae, and land plants?

They all have 2 membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which process led to the evolution of mitochondria from a proteobacterium?

Endosymbiotic theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the loss of peptidoglycan in chloroplasts of some groups?

It led to the similarity of chloroplasts in various groups Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Apicomplexans

A common characteristic of Apicomplexans is the presence of an apical complex, which is a structure involved in cell invasion and parasitism.

Ciliate Conjugation

During Ciliate Conjugation, the macronuclei are destroyed and then rebuilt.
The result of micronuclei division in Ciliate Conjugation is the exchange of genetic material between two ciliates.

Ciliates

Ciliates are characterized by having sacs called 'alveoli' in their cell membrane.
The primary function of the cilia in Ciliates is for locomotion and feeding.
The process by which ciliates exchange genetic information without reproducing is called conjugation.

Eukaryotic Cells

The primary reason for the loss of the cell wall in eukaryotic cells was to allow for greater flexibility and movement.
The ratio of surface area to volume is important in cell biology because it affects the rate of cellular processes such as diffusion and metabolism.
The unique chemical reactions that occurred in the newly formed enclosed environments in eukaryotic cells were aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.
The cellular process facilitated by the new flexible cell membrane in eukaryotes was endocytosis and phagocytosis.

Endosymbiosis

The evolutionary event that allowed for endosymbiosis to occur in eukaryotes was the engulfment of bacteria by ancient eukaryotic cells.
Endosymbiosis led to the acquisition of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.
Mitochondria evolved from a proteobacterium through a process of endosymbiosis.
Chloroplasts with 2 membranes were formed in photosynthetic eukaryotes as a result of primary endosymbiosis.
Chloroplasts with 3 membranes are found in some algae and plants as a result of secondary endosymbiosis.

Protists

The main reason why Protists are considered a 'garbage bin' classification is that they are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into any other kingdom.
Dinoflagellates are a type of protist that play a significant role in the marine ecosystem as both producers and consumers.

Evolution

The domain that includes multicellular eukaryotes like plants, animals, and fungi is Eukarya.
The common characteristic of chloroplasts in glaucophytes, green algae, red algae, and land plants is that they are surrounded by two membranes.
The loss of peptidoglycan in chloroplasts of some groups was a significant event in the evolution of chloroplasts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the endosymbiotic theory and the evolution of cyanobacteria, including the process of photosynthesis and the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Learn about primary, secondary, and tertiary endosymbiosis events that contributed to the development of photosynthetic eukaryotes.