30 Questions
What is the most common shape of prokaryotic cells?
Spheres
What is the important component found in bacterial cell walls?
Peptidoglycan
How do scientists classify many bacterial species based on cell wall composition?
Gram Stain
What structure in prokaryotes allows them to stick to their substrate or other individuals in a colony?
Fimbriae
What is the main mechanism used by motile bacteria to propel themselves?
Flagella
What is the ability of bacteria to move toward or away from certain stimuli called?
Taxis
What is the role of Agrobacterium in genetic engineering?
Assisting in the introduction of foreign genes into plants
Which bacterium causes blindness and nongonococcal urethritis through sexual transmission?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the ecological relationship where two different species live in close contact and both benefit?
Mutualism
Which of the following bacteria are known for causing anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
What is the primary role of Gram-Positive Bacteria known as Actinomycetes?
Decomposing soil
How do pathogenic prokaryotes primarily cause disease?
By releasing exotoxins or endotoxins
What is the main process involved in the origin of engulfment chloroplast in eukaryotes?
Endosymbiosis
Which evolutionary novelties were adaptations of land plants for transitioning from an aquatic environment to living on land?
Outer cuticle
What is the formal name for land plants or embryophytes?
Embryophyta
Which process resulted in the condition of two species living together in close contact?
Symbiosis
What is the significance of the fixation of CO2 by plants on Earth?
Establishment of an ozone layer
Why are land plants considered a natural, monophyletic group while photosynthetic eukaryotes as a whole are unnatural, paraphyletic group?
Due to their adaptation to living on land
Which group of protists are known for having cell walls made of hydrated silica?
Diatoms
What distinguishes Euglenozoa as a clade?
Flagella with a crystalline rod inside
Which group of protists include colonial freshwater chlorophytes?
Volvox
What is the main nutritional characteristic of Amoeba?
Absorb organic molecules or ingest large food particles
Which group of protists are intestinal parasites with cell walls that are glass-like?
Diplomonads
What do Diatoms compose much of, making them a major component of sediments?
Tests
Which term refers to the assignment of features or attributes to a taxon?
Characters
What is the term for two or more forms of a character?
Character states
Which type of key is the most common and consists of a series of two contrasting statements?
Dichotomous key
What is the term for the formal naming of taxa according to a standardized system?
Binomial nomenclature
In taxonomy, which term describes the arrangement of entities (taxa) into some type of order?
Classification
What does the term 'monophyly' ideally refer to in defining or delimited groups of organisms?
Inclusive nature
This quiz explores the concept of endosymbiosis in biology, specifically focusing on the engulfment of an ancestral photosynthetic bacterium by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. Topics include the origin of chloroplasts, cyanobacteria, symbiosis, and secondary endosymbiosis.
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