Endosymbiotic Theory and Evidence Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of viral infection involves the virus remaining dormant within the host and later reactivating?

  • Lytic infection
  • Oncogenic infection
  • Acute infection
  • Latent infection (correct)
  • What distinguishes prions from other infectious agents?

  • They are larger in size than viruses
  • They are resistant to destruction by cooking (correct)
  • They infect only plants
  • They contain both proteins and nucleic acids
  • Which virus is an example of an oncogenic infection that can lead to cancer?

  • Hepatitis A virus
  • Influenza virus
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) (correct)
  • How do vaccinations and antiviral drugs differ in combating viral infections?

    <p>Vaccinations prevent infection, while antiviral drugs kill viruses directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for plant viroids?

    <p>Host cell machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage replication?

    <p>In the lytic cycle, the host cell is destroyed during virion release, while in the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA integrates into the host cell's genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plant viruses overcome the challenge of the cell wall barrier during transmission?

    <p>By using vectors to transmit the virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viral infection involves integration of viral DNA into the host cell's chromosome before potentially entering the lytic cycle?

    <p>Lysogenic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do horizontally transmitted plant viruses differ from vertically transmitted plant viruses?

    <p>Vertically transmitted viruses are passed from parent to offspring, while horizontally transmitted viruses move between individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of animal virus transmission that differs from plant virus transmission?

    <p>Transmission through fusion with plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kingdom is most closely related to fungi?

    <p>Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the given examples, which protist is responsible for causing malaria in humans?

    <p>Plasmodium spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of protists in aquatic environments?

    <p>Primary producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal-like protist is known to cause blights, including the one responsible for the Irish potato famine?

    <p>Phytophthora infestans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protist can lead to African sleeping sickness in humans?

    <p>Trypanosoma brucei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prokaryotes participate in the carbon cycle?

    <p>As producers, consumers, and decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of prokaryotes in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do natural reservoirs make disease eradication challenging?

    <p>They maintain the pathogen within the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the creation of 'super bugs'?

    <p>Overuse and misuse of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do biofilms contribute to the spread of diseases?

    <p>They adhere to surfaces and become drug-resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?

    <p>The lytic cycle involves immediate replication and release of new viruses, while the lysogenic cycle involves integration of the viral genome into the host cell's genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are plant viruses typically transmitted?

    <p>By insect vectors like aphids or whiteflies that feed on infected plants and then transmit the virus to healthy plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a latent viral infection from an oncogenic viral infection?

    <p>A latent infection remains dormant in the host cell without causing symptoms, while an oncogenic infection leads to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are animal viruses primarily transmitted between hosts?

    <p>Through direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between how lytic cycle viruses and lysogenic cycle viruses infect host cells?

    <p>Lytic cycle viruses immediately destroy host cells upon entry, while lysogenic cycle viruses integrate their genetic material into host cell DNA without immediate lytic symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between primary endosymbiosis and secondary endosymbiosis?

    <p>Primary endosymbiosis involves a eukaryote engulfing a prokaryote to form an organelle, while secondary endosymbiosis involves a eukaryote engulfing another eukaryote that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory regarding the origin of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Similarities in DNA, ribosomes, and membranes between mitochondria/chloroplasts and bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supergroup of eukaryotes are plants related to based on evolutionary relationships?

    <p>Supergroup Archaeplastida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of protists in terms of their metabolic diversity?

    <p>Exhibition of a wide range of metabolic pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do latent viral infections differ from oncogenic viral infections?

    <p>Latent infections involve the integration of viral DNA into host DNA, while oncogenic infections lead to the formation of tumor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses are capable of integrating their genome into the host cell's DNA and remain dormant?

    <p>Retroviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cycle involves the viral DNA becoming integrated into the host cell's DNA without causing immediate harm?

    <p>Lysogenic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plant viruses primarily spread among plants?

    <p>Through pollen and seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe viruses that have the potential to cause cancer?

    <p>Oncogenic viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are animal viruses typically transmitted between hosts?

    <p>Via direct contact or bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the destruction of the host cell for viral replication and release?

    <p>Lytic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important characteristic of retroviruses distinguishes them from other types of viruses?

    <p>Ability to integrate into host genome as DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mode of transmission for animal viruses causing respiratory illnesses?

    <p>Breathing contaminated air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus is known for causing cold sores in humans by establishing a latent infection in nerve cells?

    <p>Herpes simplex virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prions differ from typical viruses in terms of their structure and replication mechanism?

    <p>Prions have a protein-only structure while typical viruses have nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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