Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

  • Synthesizes fatty acids and hormones
  • Acts as a packaging/sorting site for proteins
  • Sends glycoproteins/phospholipids to organelle membranes, PM or secretes via exocytosis (correct)
  • Contains enzymes to break down/digest nutrients

    • Which organelle is involved in synthesizing fatty acids and hormones?

  • Lysosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Smooth ER (correct)
  • Golgi Complex

    • What is the main function of Golgi Complex in the cell?

  • Modify proteins to form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins (correct)
  • Synthesize fatty acids and hormones
  • Digest worn-out organelles
  • Transport vesicles move proteins from RER to Golgi

    • What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Digest nutrients into sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is continuous with the nuclear membrane and lined with ribosomes?

    <p>Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to secretory vesicles produced by Golgi Complex?

    <p>Secreted through the plasma membrane via exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane to release contents out of the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of endocytosis do ligands bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane?

    <p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cellular function of pinocytosis?

    <p>Cell drinking through vesicle formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in breaking down proteins in the cell?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of water in cytosol, the fluid portion of cytoplasm?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves vesicles transporting substances from the extracellular fluid into the cell, moving across the cell, and exiting on the other side?

    <p>Transcytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane protein spans the entire lipid bilayer extending from the cytosol to the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Transmembrane protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ion channels (pores) in the cell membrane?

    <p>Allow passage of ions through the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do glycocalyx molecules mainly contribute to in terms of cell function?

    <p>Cellular recognition and binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substances can pass more readily through a selectively permeable membrane?

    <p>Small non-ionic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carriers/transporters in the cell membrane?

    <p>Facilitate passage of hydrophilic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are involved in anchoring cells to other cell membranes or protein filaments?

    <p>Linkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nucleoli within the nucleus?

    <p>Produce ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is exclusively passed down from the mother through the oocyte?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of histones in the nucleus?

    <p>Wrapping DNA around proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are typically found in a human somatic cell?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division involves reducing the number of chromosomes by half?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nuclear pores in the nucleus?

    <p>Facilitate transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?

    <p>Oxidize and break down chemicals such as alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme in peroxisomes degrades H2O2 and other enzymes to detoxify products of metabolism?

    <p>Catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by the lack of lysosomal enzyme Hex A in nerve cells?

    <p>Tay-Sachs disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteasomes in a cell?

    <p>Break down unneeded, damaged or faulty proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During apoptosis, what do mitochondria release when there is an increase in free radicals and DNA damage?

    <p>Cytochrome c and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using the substance's own kinetic energy?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aquaporins in cellular transport?

    <p>Allows movement of water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process do cells engulf large solid particles like worn-out cells, bacteria, and viruses by extending pseudopods?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy source required for active transport to move substances against their concentration gradient?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid type is specifically found outside of the cell, such as in blood vessels?

    <p>Blood Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves vesicles transporting substances out of a cell by fusing with the plasma membrane?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration called?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells have a few nucleus despite most cells having only one?

    <p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleoli within the nucleus?

    <p>Produce ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a human somatic cell, how many chromosomes are typically present?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during meiosis, the two-step cell division process?

    <p>Number of chromosomes is halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP for the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histones in the nucleus?

    <p>Regulate gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division replaces dead or injured cells and adds new cells?

    <p>Somatic cell division with mitosis and cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of histology?

    <p>To study the structure of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chromatin in the nucleus?

    <p>Regulation of gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell organelle houses most of the DNA in a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cytoplasm in a cell?

    <p>To contain intracellular contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Fluid Mosaic Model, what does the 'mosaic' part represent?

    <p>Proteins anchored to the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

    <p>To give flexibility and strength to the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteasomes in a cell?

    <p>Break down unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of a cell relate to its function?

    <p>The structure of a cell directly reflects its function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does pinocytosis primarily occur in the human body?

    <p>Intestines and kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for oxidizing and breaking down chemicals like alcohol in the liver?

    <p>Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle plays a key role in communication between a cell and its environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failed proteasomes in a cell according to the text?

    <p>Contribute to Alzheimer’s &amp; Parkinson’s diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

    <p>Recycling of receptors to the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a protein is free-floating or anchored in the plasma membrane?

    <p>'Mosaic' region of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells typically produce enzymes, hormones, mucus, and other secretions for exocytosis?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catalase found in peroxisomes?

    <p>Degrades H2O2 and other enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transcytosis in cellular physiology?

    <p>Transporting substances across the cell and out to the other side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle releases cytochrome c during apoptosis?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of cytosol in terms of water content?

    <p>75-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do peroxisomes detoxify products of metabolism?

    <p>Contain catalase to degrade harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular components contribute to the structure of both the cell and organelles?

    <p>Protein filaments of the cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of lacking lysosomal enzyme Hex A in nerve cells according to the text?

    <p>Contribute to neurodegenerative diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of inclusions such as lipid droplets (triglycerides) in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Storage of cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during exocytosis in a cell?

    <p>Secretory vesicles release contents by fusing with plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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