Endomembrane System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the endomembrane system?

  • To facilitate photosynthesis in plant cells
  • To generate ATP for cellular energy
  • To package and secrete proteins and lipids (correct)
  • To provide structural support to the cell

Which organelle is NOT considered part of the endomembrane system?

  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Chloroplast (correct)
  • Vesicles
  • Golgi apparatus

What characterizes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

  • Its surface is smooth and lacks ribosomes.
  • It primarily functions in cellular respiration.
  • It synthesizes lipids exclusively.
  • It is involved in the production of large quantities of proteins. (correct)

Which statement about the endomembrane system is true?

<p>It includes both smooth and rough membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The endoplasmic reticulum contributes to which of the following?

<p>Production and transport of proteins and lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of smooth ER?

<p>Is continuous with the rough ER (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do lysosomes play in the immune response?

<p>They break down bacteria and viruses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton do motor proteins 'walk' on?

<p>Microtubules and microfilaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source needed for motor proteins to move vesicles?

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is correct?

<p>Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are macrophages, and what is their primary function?

<p>White blood cells; destroying pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature distinguishes the rough ER from the smooth ER?

<p>Presence of ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process primarily involves microtubules?

<p>Transport of organelles and vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endomembrane System

A network of interconnected membranes that work together to package and secrete proteins and lipids.

Nuclear Envelope

The outer membrane of the nucleus, continuous with the ER.

Rough ER

A network of interconnected membranes with ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis and packaging.

Smooth ER

A network of interconnected membranes without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

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Golgi Apparatus

A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs involved in processing and packaging proteins and lipids.

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Lysosomes

Organelles responsible for breaking down waste products, cellular debris, and foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.

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Mitochondria

Organelles that are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP energy. They have their own DNA and ribosomes.

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Microtubules

Tubular structures that make up the cytoskeleton and provide pathways for the movement of organelles and vesicles.

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Microfilaments

Filamentous structures that make up the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell movement, shape, and division.

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Motor proteins

Proteins that 'walk' along microtubules and microfilaments, transporting organelles and vesicles within the cell.

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Molecular Motion

The process by which motor proteins utilize ATP to move organelles and vesicles along microtubules and microfilaments within the cell.

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ATP

The energy currency of cells, utilized by motor proteins for movement along microtubules and microfilaments.

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Study Notes

Endomembrane System

  • The endomembrane system is a system of membranes that work together to package and secrete proteins and lipids.
  • Components of the endomembrane system include:
    • Nuclear envelope (membrane)
    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
    • Golgi apparatus
    • Vesicles/lysosomes/vacuoles
    • Plasma membrane
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts have membranes, but are not part of the endomembrane system; they are independent structures.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for more than half of the total membrane in eukaryotic cells.
  • The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
  • Two types of ER exist:
    • Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, it produces large quantities of proteins for secretion.
    • Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes.

Lysosome Activity

  • Lysosomes break down bacteria.
  • Macrophages, white blood cells, contain many lysosomes and are responsible for destroying bacteria, viruses, and other foreign material.

Mitochondria

  • Mitochondria are organelles that are independent from the endomembrane system.
  • Mitochondria (singular is mitochondrion) are important for cells and carry out cellular respiration, which produces ATP.

Microtubules and Microfilaments

  • Motor proteins interact with cytoskeletal components for the movement of molecules and organelles.
  • Motor proteins move vesicles and organelles along microtubules and microfilaments using ATP.

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Related Documents

Endomembrane System - CH6 Biology Notes PDF

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