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Questions and Answers
What is the key property of the acetal group in budesonide that leads to prolonged residence in lung tissue?
What is the key property of the acetal group in budesonide that leads to prolonged residence in lung tissue?
- It increases the hydrophilic nature of the compound
- It has no effect on the compound's properties
- It increases the hydrophobic nature of the compound (correct)
- It decreases the hydrophobic nature of the compound
How does the systemic glucocorticoid activity of budesonide compare to fluticasone propionate?
How does the systemic glucocorticoid activity of budesonide compare to fluticasone propionate?
- It is 4-7 times higher
- It is the same
- It is unknown
- It is 4-7 times lower (correct)
What is the key mechanism of action for ciclesonide's prolonged duration of action in lung tissue?
What is the key mechanism of action for ciclesonide's prolonged duration of action in lung tissue?
- It is directly activated in the lungs (correct)
- It is resistant to metabolism in the liver
- It has a high receptor affinity
- It is more lipophilic than other steroids
What is the primary disadvantage of lipophilicity for inhaled glucocorticoids?
What is the primary disadvantage of lipophilicity for inhaled glucocorticoids?
How does beclometasone dipropionate represent a breakthrough in asthma treatment?
How does beclometasone dipropionate represent a breakthrough in asthma treatment?
What is the key advantage of non-halogenated glucocorticoids like budesonide compared to halogenated ones?
What is the key advantage of non-halogenated glucocorticoids like budesonide compared to halogenated ones?
Which modification to the steroid structure increased glucocorticoid activity by 10-fold?
Which modification to the steroid structure increased glucocorticoid activity by 10-fold?
What effect did the introduction of a double bond at the Δ1 position have on steroid activity?
What effect did the introduction of a double bond at the Δ1 position have on steroid activity?
How does the change in geometry of ring A caused by the introduction of the C1==C2 function affect glucocorticoid receptor (GR) affinity and pharmacokinetics?
How does the change in geometry of ring A caused by the introduction of the C1==C2 function affect glucocorticoid receptor (GR) affinity and pharmacokinetics?
What is the bioavailability of prednisone and prednisolone when orally administered?
What is the bioavailability of prednisone and prednisolone when orally administered?
Which enzyme is responsible for the interconversion of prednisone and prednisolone in the liver?
Which enzyme is responsible for the interconversion of prednisone and prednisolone in the liver?
Why are smaller doses of prednisone or prednisolone required compared to hydrocortisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
Why are smaller doses of prednisone or prednisolone required compared to hydrocortisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
What determines the extent of absorption of topical adrenocorticoids?
What determines the extent of absorption of topical adrenocorticoids?
What percentage of halobetasol propionate was systemically absorbed after topical application in previous studies?
What percentage of halobetasol propionate was systemically absorbed after topical application in previous studies?
Why does the acetonide group in triamcinolone acetonide contribute to its increased activity compared to triamcinolone?
Why does the acetonide group in triamcinolone acetonide contribute to its increased activity compared to triamcinolone?
What is the purpose of esterifying one or more alcohol groups in topical glucocorticoids?
What is the purpose of esterifying one or more alcohol groups in topical glucocorticoids?
What type of esters were found to be less active as topical anti-inflammatories, according to the text?
What type of esters were found to be less active as topical anti-inflammatories, according to the text?
What is the primary factor that determines the activity of topically applied anti-inflammatory agents, according to the information provided?
What is the primary factor that determines the activity of topically applied anti-inflammatory agents, according to the information provided?
What is the main reason for the negligible activity of a certain substance elsewhere in the body?
What is the main reason for the negligible activity of a certain substance elsewhere in the body?
Which group of steroids is primarily used for the treatment of Addison disease?
Which group of steroids is primarily used for the treatment of Addison disease?
What is a characteristic shared by mometasone furoate, fluocinolone acetonide, and flunisolide?
What is a characteristic shared by mometasone furoate, fluocinolone acetonide, and flunisolide?
Why are semisynthetic analogs used instead of naturally occurring aldosterone in treating Addison disease?
Why are semisynthetic analogs used instead of naturally occurring aldosterone in treating Addison disease?
What modification greatly enhances both salt retention and anti-inflammatory activity of hydrocortisone?
What modification greatly enhances both salt retention and anti-inflammatory activity of hydrocortisone?
Which structural difference distinguishes aldosterone from cortisol?
Which structural difference distinguishes aldosterone from cortisol?
What is the core structure of adrenocorticoids?
What is the core structure of adrenocorticoids?
What are the undesired side effects of endogenous glucocorticoids?
What are the undesired side effects of endogenous glucocorticoids?
Why are glucocorticoids best used as topical anti-inflammatory agents?
Why are glucocorticoids best used as topical anti-inflammatory agents?
What was the significance of the discovery that cortisone could relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
What was the significance of the discovery that cortisone could relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the importance of the functional groups in the structure of cortisol?
What is the importance of the functional groups in the structure of cortisol?
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