Endocrinology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely reason for the absence of hypoglycemia in a person who consumes a low-carbohydrate meal rich in proteins?

  • Suppression of somatomedin C secretion
  • Stimulation of cortisol secretion
  • Stimulation of glucagon secretion (correct)
  • Suppression of GH secretion
  • A 46-year-old man has 'puffy' skin and is lethargic, with a low plasma TSH concentration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  • Hypothyroidism due to an abnormality in the hypothalamus (correct)
  • Hyperthyroidism due to an abnormality in the hypothalamus
  • Hypothyroidism due to an abnormality in the pituitary
  • Hyperthyroidism due to an abnormality in the thyroid
  • Which of the following pairs of hormones and corresponding actions is incorrect?

  • Cortisol—decreased glucose uptake in muscle
  • Glucagon—increased glycogenolysis in liver
  • Glucagon—increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Glucagon—increased gluconeogenesis
  • Which hormone is largely unbound to plasma proteins?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following increases the rate of excretion of calcium ions by the kidney?

    <p>An increase in phosphate ion concentration in the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on glucose uptake in muscle?

    <p>Decreases glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be an expected physiological response in a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion?

    <p>Inappropriately low urine osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones activates enzyme-linked receptors?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would stimulate the secretion of PTH?

    <p>An increase in extracellular calcium ion activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormonal change would most likely occur in a person consuming a high-potassium diet?

    <p>Increased secretion of aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is NOT stored in its endocrine-producing gland?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a likely diagnosis for a patient with a vertebral compression fracture?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of the patient's generalized demineralization?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the patient's 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol level low?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely symptom of iodine deficiency?

    <p>Decreased synthesis of thyroglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be decreased in a patient with an enlarged thyroid gland and high plasma levels of T4 and T3?

    <p>Peripheral vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely side effect of cortisone administration?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient's current treatment?

    <p>Hemodialysis with a dialysis fluid not containing calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is most closely related to the effectiveness of a hormone in stimulating a response in target tissues?

    <p>Affinity for nuclear receptors in target tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patients would plasma levels of both ACTH and cortisol be expected to be higher than in normal subjects in the late evening?

    <p>Patients with Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions or hormones would most likely decrease GH secretion?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by parallel changes in aldosterone and cortisol secretion?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a 59-year-old woman with osteoporosis, hypertension, hirsutism, and hyperpigmentation, and a normal-sized pituitary gland?

    <p>Adrenal adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of patients with Cushing's syndrome?

    <p>Hypertension and hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would most likely suppress GH secretion?

    <p>Acute hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition contributes to “sodium escape” in persons with Conn’s syndrome?

    <p>Decreased sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be expected in a patient with a genetic deficiency of 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological response that is greater for T3 than for T4?

    <p>Stimulation of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a response to acute hyperglycemia?

    <p>Suppressed GH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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