29 Questions
What is the most likely reason for the absence of hypoglycemia in a person who consumes a low-carbohydrate meal rich in proteins?
Stimulation of glucagon secretion
A 46-year-old man has 'puffy' skin and is lethargic, with a low plasma TSH concentration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypothyroidism due to an abnormality in the hypothalamus
Which of the following pairs of hormones and corresponding actions is incorrect?
Glucagon—increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle
Which hormone is largely unbound to plasma proteins?
ADH
Which of the following increases the rate of excretion of calcium ions by the kidney?
An increase in phosphate ion concentration in the plasma
What is the effect of cortisol on glucose uptake in muscle?
Decreases glucose uptake
What would be an expected physiological response in a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion?
Inappropriately low urine osmolality
Which of the following hormones activates enzyme-linked receptors?
Insulin
What would stimulate the secretion of PTH?
An increase in extracellular calcium ion activity
What hormonal change would most likely occur in a person consuming a high-potassium diet?
Increased secretion of aldosterone
Which of the following hormones is NOT stored in its endocrine-producing gland?
Insulin
What would be a likely diagnosis for a patient with a vertebral compression fracture?
Osteoporosis
What is the likely cause of the patient's generalized demineralization?
Chronic kidney disease
Why is the patient's 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol level low?
Chronic kidney disease
What is a likely symptom of iodine deficiency?
Decreased synthesis of thyroglobulin
What would be decreased in a patient with an enlarged thyroid gland and high plasma levels of T4 and T3?
Peripheral vascular resistance
What is a likely side effect of cortisone administration?
Osteoporosis
What is the patient's current treatment?
Hemodialysis with a dialysis fluid not containing calcium
Which of the following factors is most closely related to the effectiveness of a hormone in stimulating a response in target tissues?
Affinity for nuclear receptors in target tissues
In which patients would plasma levels of both ACTH and cortisol be expected to be higher than in normal subjects in the late evening?
Patients with Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma)
Which of the following conditions or hormones would most likely decrease GH secretion?
Somatostatin
Which condition is characterized by parallel changes in aldosterone and cortisol secretion?
Addison's disease
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 59-year-old woman with osteoporosis, hypertension, hirsutism, and hyperpigmentation, and a normal-sized pituitary gland?
Adrenal adenoma
Which of the following is a characteristic of patients with Cushing's syndrome?
Hypertension and hyperpigmentation
Which of the following conditions would most likely suppress GH secretion?
Acute hyperglycemia
Which condition contributes to “sodium escape” in persons with Conn’s syndrome?
Decreased sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules
What would be expected in a patient with a genetic deficiency of 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II?
Hypertension
What is the physiological response that is greater for T3 than for T4?
Stimulation of protein synthesis
Which of the following is a response to acute hyperglycemia?
Suppressed GH secretion
Test your knowledge of endocrinology with these questions about insulin secretion, hypoglycemia, and thyroid hormone regulation. Identify the correct responses to challenging scenarios and expand your understanding of human physiology.
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