30 Questions
What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to eating, drinking, and sexual behavior?
Controlling these activities
Which two peptide hormones are synthesized by specialized clusters of neurons in the hypothalamus?
Vasopressin and oxytocin
How do vasopressin and oxytocin affect the body?
Vasopressin impacts breast milk ejection, while oxytocin affects water balance
Which area of the brain is the hypothalamus located in?
Diencephalon
In addition to neuroendocrine functions, what do specialized clusters of neurons in the hypothalamus control?
Secretion of trophic hormones by the anterior pituitary gland
What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary in relation to the hypothalamus?
Release of oxytocin and vasopressin
What is the primary mechanism through which GnRH production can be inhibited?
Circulating oestrogens
Which hormone controls the secretion of corticotrophin (ACTH)?
Glucocorticoid hormones
What is the significance of the pulsatile secretion of GnRH?
Important for pubertal maturation
Which condition is associated with higher LH pulse frequency and amplitude throughout the menstrual cycle?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
What is the main function of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)?
Controlling the secretion of corticotrophin (ACTH)
How do glucocorticoid hormones influence the releasing effect of CRH on the pituitary corticotrophs?
Inhibit it
What is the main prolactin release-inhibiting factor mentioned in the text?
Dopamine
Which endogenous peptide is NOT mentioned as a factor for prolactin release?
Endorphin
What is the percentage of hypothalamic prolactin release inhibition attributed to dopamine?
70%
What peptide is co-produced with GnRH and affects prolactin release?
GnRH-associated peptide (GAP)
What is responsible for stimulating the synthesis and release of pituitary growth hormone?
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Which peptide is believed to be an important hypothalamic prolactin-releasing factor, in addition to TRH?
Oxytocin
What is the function of somatostatin (SS) in the anterior pituitary somatotrophs?
Inhibiting the action of GHRH
Which area of the hypothalamus secretes GHRH?
Ventromedial nucleus
What effect does somatostatin have on TSH secretion?
Inhibits TSH secretion
What is the role of GHRH in growth hormone secretion?
Activates the cAMP intracellular pathway
Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT mentioned to increase the rate of growth hormone secretion?
Glutamate
What controls the secretion of somatostatin in the hypothalamus?
Neighboring areas of the hypothalamus
What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Regulation of body water
Where are oxytocin and ADH released from into the blood?
Posterior pituitary gland
Which part of the brain primarily forms oxytocin?
Paraventricular nuclei
What causes the fusion of growth hormone secretory vesicles with the cell membrane?
Increased calcium ion transport
How many amino acids are present in both oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)?
9
Which process transports ADH and oxytocin to the nerve endings in the posterior pituitary gland?
Combination with 'carrier' proteins called neurophysins
Learn about the location of the hypothalamus in the diencephalon and its crucial functions in controlling eating, drinking, sexual drives, and autonomic nervous system activities. Explore the role of hypothalamic hormones in regulating various physiological processes.
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