Endocrinology: Hormones and Cellular Coordination
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the term 'endocrinology'?

  • The study of cellular communication networks
  • The study of protein encoding genes
  • The study of external secretions and glands
  • The study of internal secretions and glands (correct)

How many layers of signaling networks are involved in achieving homeostasis?

  • 4 layers
  • 3 layers (correct)
  • 1 layer
  • 2 layers

What is the nature of endocrine communication as described in the text?

  • All cells respond to the same type of signal
  • The response to a signal is consistent across cell types
  • Cells are exposed to many signals and respond with an integrated response (correct)
  • The signals are generated in all types of cells

How does the human adult coordinate about 50 trillion cells with less than 24000 protein encoding genes?

<p>Through intricate chemical signaling networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for transporting prohormones into the Golgi?

<p>Vesicle transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are hydrophilic hormones primarily stored in cells?

<p>In secretory vesicles (granules) in the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structures mediate the movement of hydrophilic hormones to the cell membrane for release?

<p>Microtubules (cytoskeleton) and microfilaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary control mechanism for the synthesis and secretion of hormones?

<p>Neural inputs, hormonal stimulation/inhibition, and metabolic status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?

<p>Steroid hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are some steroidogenic enzymes located?

<p>Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor for eicosanoids?

<p>Arachidonic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical modification is involved in the synthesis of peptide hormones?

<p>Glycosylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organelles are some steroidogenic enzymes located?

<p>Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of cholesterol for the synthesis of steroid hormones?

<p>Circulatory LDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones have very low concentrations in the range of (ng/ml) or (pg/ml)?

<p>Steroid hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are eicosanoids derived from?

<p>Arachidonic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone affects mineral homeostasis?

<p>Mineralocorticoids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor for steroid hormones?

<p>Cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are peptide hormones synthesized?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule serves as a precursor for both eicosanoids and steroidogenesis?

<p>Arachidonic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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