Endocrinology Case Studies
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for Nadir based on his symptoms and lab results?

  • Graves' disease
  • Type 2 diabetes (correct)
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Acromegaly

Which laboratory finding is most indicative of Hoor's condition?

  • Low TSH levels (correct)
  • High prolactin levels
  • Normal insulin levels
  • High TSH levels

Which physical examination finding is least likely associated with acromegaly?

  • Goiter (correct)
  • Enlarged hands and feet
  • Prominent mandible
  • Prominent supraorbital ridges

What treatment approach is recommended for Nadir to help manage his condition?

<p>Lifestyle modifications and oral medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by elevated serum IGF-1 and GH levels in Ahmad's tests?

<p>Acromegaly due to a pituitary adenoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Type 2 Diabetes

A condition marked by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to use insulin properly, often leading to increased thirst, urination, and hunger.

Graves' disease

An autoimmune disorder where the thyroid gland overproduces thyroxine hormone, causing symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as rapid heartbeat, weightloss, and tremors.

Acromegaly

A condition caused by an overproduction of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland, leading to excessive growth in hands, feet, and face.

Glucagon

A protein hormone that stimulates the production of glucose from the liver and inhibits the uptake of glucose into the body's cells, leading to hyperglycemia.

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Insulin

A protein hormone that regulates the metabolism of glucose in the body, allowing cells to absorb glucose for energy.

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Study Notes

Case 1: Type 2 Diabetes

  • Patient (Nadir, 43) presented with a 1-month history of polydipsia and polyuria.
  • Patient appeared obese with BMI 32 kg/m².
  • Physical examination was unremarkable except for the BMI.
  • Lab results showed HbA1c of 9.1% (normal ≤6.5%), fasting plasma glucose of 127 mg/dL (normal ≤100 mg/dL).
  • Treatment advised: lifestyle modifications, diet therapy, exercise, and oral medications.

Case 2: Graves' Disease

  • Patient (Hoor, 43-year-old female) presented with a 1-year history of palpitations, fatigue, and hand tremor.
  • Symptoms worsened over 2 months.
  • Physical examination revealed a goiter, moist skin, hand tremor, and tachycardia (110 bpm).
  • Lab results showed low TSH levels.

Case 3: Acromegaly

  • Patient (Ahmad, 35-year-old male) presented with noticeable physical changes noticed by his cousin (Abdullah).
  • Physical changes included prominent mandible, supraorbital ridges, nose bridge, large hands and feet.
  • Endocrine tests performed included: adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, hemoglobin A1C, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone, and parathyroid hormone.
  • Results showed normal levels for all hormones except IGF-1 and Growth Hormone (GH).
  • Diagnosis confirmed as pituitary adenoma.

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Description

This quiz covers three distinct case studies in endocrinology, focusing on Type 2 Diabetes, Graves' Disease, and Acromegaly. Each case provides patient history, examination findings, and lab results to enhance understanding of these conditions' presentations and management.

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