Endocrine System Quiz

Hormones that are lipid-soluble and can pass through the plasma membrane.

Hormones that are water-soluble and cannot pass through the plasma membrane, requiring cell surface receptors.

A mechanism of hormone action where the hormone binds to a receptor on the cell surface, initiating a signaling cascade that involves a second messenger like cAMP.

A system where the product of a pathway inhibits its own production, maintaining a stable internal environment.

The regulation of hormone release by other hormones.

The regulation of hormone release by changes in blood composition.

The regulation of hormone release by nerve impulses.

Specialized proteins on target cells that bind to specific hormones, initiating cellular responses.

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and development.

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.

An enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency.

A condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland in childhood, leading to stunted growth and mental development.

A condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to increased metabolism, weight loss, and other symptoms.

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by increasing them.

A term referring to a decrease in calcium levels in the blood, which can lead to muscle spasms and convulsions.

A negative feedback loop between PTH and calcitonin to regulate blood calcium levels.

The ability of a hormone to influence only specific cells that have the necessary receptors for that hormone.

The chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

The hypothalamus controls the endocrine glands, primarily the anterior pituitary gland, by releasing specific hormones that either stimulate or inhibit hormone production.

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system as it regulates the activity of several other endocrine glands.

The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are key regulators of blood sugar levels. Insulin helps lower blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake into cells, while glucagon promotes the release of sugar from storage, increasing blood sugar.

The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing six key hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The hypothalamus, a brain region, plays a critical role in regulating the anterior pituitary gland's function. It produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the synthesis and release of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

The posterior pituitary gland is responsible for secreting two key hormones: antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, and oxytocin. While these hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, they are stored and released from the posterior pituitary.

The anterior pituitary hormone, growth hormone (GH), plays a vital role in regulating growth, particularly during childhood. It stimulates the growth of bones and muscles. Insufficient GH production can lead to dwarfism, while excessive production can lead to gigantism or acromegaly.

Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin production is influenced by light, with higher levels produced during darkness and lower levels during daylight.

The pineal gland is a small, cone-shaped gland located in the brain. It is responsible for producing the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and other physiological processes.

The anterior pituitary gland produces six major hormones, while the posterior pituitary gland produces only two. Both glands play vital roles in the endocrine system, influencing various physiological functions.

The anterior pituitary, a master endocrine gland, regulates the function of other endocrine glands through the hormones it produces. The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary by releasing its own specific hormones.

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate within cells, generating ATP for energy.

The process of forming something, often through a complex series of steps.

The disintegration or breakdown of a substance into smaller components.

A condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce or use insulin properly.

Type 1 diabetes, where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells.

Type 2 diabetes, where the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to high blood sugar.

The inability of cells to respond to insulin, leading to high blood sugar.

Frequent urination, excessive thirst, and increased hunger, common symptoms of diabetes.

A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the body's cells not responding properly to insulin.

Frequent urination, especially at night, caused by the body trying to flush out excess glucose in the urine.

Excessive thirst due to the loss of fluids through frequent urination.

Increased hunger despite eating more due to the body's inability to properly use glucose for energy.

Presence of abnormally high levels of glucose in the urine, a hallmark of diabetes.

A complication of diabetes affecting blood vessels, leading to problems in the kidneys, eyes, and lower limbs.

A type of angiopathy affecting large blood vessels, causing blockages and poor circulation, especially in the legs.

A type of angiopathy affecting small blood vessels, causing thickening and abnormal exchange of substances, leading to local tissue damage.