Endocrine System Quiz: Hormones and Functions

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What is one of the primary roles of oxytocin during childbirth?

Stimulates the flow of milk

Promotes emotional bonding

Increases metabolic rate

Stimulates labor contractions (correct)

Which hormone is secreted by parafollicular (C) cells in response to rising blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Thyroxine (T4)

Calcitonin (correct)

What effect does thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) primarily have on the body?

Increases metabolic rate (correct)

Decreases appetite

Lowers blood calcium levels

Stimulates emotional bonding

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Increases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Stimulates sperm production and ovarian hormone secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which statements about the thyroid gland are accurate?

It secretes hormones in response to TSH. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prolactin (PRL) after birth?

Stimulates mammary glands to synthesize milk Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known for stimulating mitosis and cellular differentiation?

Growth hormone (GH) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body?

Increases water retention and reduces urine volume Signup and view all the answers

What are the two hormones released into capillaries in the posterior pituitary?

OT and ADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones?

Regulate secretion from the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback mechanism is involved in the control of pituitary secretion?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?

TSH, PRL, ACTH, FSH, LH, and GH Signup and view all the answers

Where does the transport of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus occur?

Via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system Signup and view all the answers

What happens when hormone levels from target organs increase?

Inhibit the release of hypothalamic and/or pituitary hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of negative feedback in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis?

A dynamic equilibrium of hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the release of TRH and TSH?

Thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the adrenal medulla?

Acting as both an endocrine gland and part of the sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are primarily released by the adrenal medulla?

Catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

How does the adrenal cortex contribute to blood pressure regulation?

By producing mineralocorticoids that affect electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids?

Zona fasciculata Signup and view all the answers

What effect do catecholamines have on physical activity?

Prepare the body for increased physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the body?

Regulating electrolyte balance by stimulating Na+ retention Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the secretion of glucocorticoids?

They help in glucose metabolism and stress responses. Signup and view all the answers

What system is involved in maintaining blood volume and pressure related to aldosterone?

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?

Regulate metabolism of glucose and other fuels Signup and view all the answers

What role do androgens play in the body?

Stimulate libido throughout life Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the secretion of glucagon?

Low blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin primarily function in the body?

Stimulates cells to absorb nutrients and lower blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type I diabetes from Type II diabetes?

Beta cells fail to produce insulin in Type I Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of estradiol in the body?

Regulate the menstrual cycle and sustain adult bone mass Signup and view all the answers

What does glucagon do when released by the pancreatic islets?

Breaks down glycogen and releases glucose Signup and view all the answers

What endocrine product is secreted by the ovaries?

Estradiol Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pancreas' endocrine function?

Release of glycogen Signup and view all the answers