Endocrine System Quiz: Hormones and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary roles of oxytocin during childbirth?

  • Stimulates the flow of milk
  • Promotes emotional bonding
  • Increases metabolic rate
  • Stimulates labor contractions (correct)

Which hormone is secreted by parafollicular (C) cells in response to rising blood calcium levels?

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Calcitonin (correct)

What effect does thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) primarily have on the body?

  • Increases metabolic rate (correct)
  • Decreases appetite
  • Lowers blood calcium levels
  • Stimulates emotional bonding

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

<p>Increases blood calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

<p>Stimulates sperm production and ovarian hormone secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statements about the thyroid gland are accurate?

<p>It secretes hormones in response to TSH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prolactin (PRL) after birth?

<p>Stimulates mammary glands to synthesize milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known for stimulating mitosis and cellular differentiation?

<p>Growth hormone (GH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body?

<p>Increases water retention and reduces urine volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two hormones released into capillaries in the posterior pituitary?

<p>OT and ADH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones?

<p>Regulate secretion from the anterior pituitary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback mechanism is involved in the control of pituitary secretion?

<p>Negative feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?

<p>TSH, PRL, ACTH, FSH, LH, and GH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the transport of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus occur?

<p>Via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when hormone levels from target organs increase?

<p>Inhibit the release of hypothalamic and/or pituitary hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of negative feedback in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis?

<p>A dynamic equilibrium of hormone levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the release of TRH and TSH?

<p>Thyroid hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the adrenal medulla?

<p>Acting as both an endocrine gland and part of the sympathetic nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are primarily released by the adrenal medulla?

<p>Catecholamines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the adrenal cortex contribute to blood pressure regulation?

<p>By producing mineralocorticoids that affect electrolyte balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids?

<p>Zona fasciculata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do catecholamines have on physical activity?

<p>Prepare the body for increased physical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the body?

<p>Regulating electrolyte balance by stimulating Na+ retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the secretion of glucocorticoids?

<p>They help in glucose metabolism and stress responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system is involved in maintaining blood volume and pressure related to aldosterone?

<p>Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?

<p>Regulate metabolism of glucose and other fuels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do androgens play in the body?

<p>Stimulate libido throughout life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the secretion of glucagon?

<p>Low blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin primarily function in the body?

<p>Stimulates cells to absorb nutrients and lower blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type I diabetes from Type II diabetes?

<p>Beta cells fail to produce insulin in Type I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of estradiol in the body?

<p>Regulate the menstrual cycle and sustain adult bone mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does glucagon do when released by the pancreatic islets?

<p>Breaks down glycogen and releases glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What endocrine product is secreted by the ovaries?

<p>Estradiol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pancreas' endocrine function?

<p>Release of glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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