Endocrine
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Questions and Answers

Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?

  • Outer Cortex (correct)
  • Middle Cortex
  • Inner Cortex
  • None of the above

    • What is the main function of cortisol in glucose metabolism?

  • Decreasing glucose levels
  • Stimulating breakdown of adipose
  • Enhancing blood vessel reaction to epinephrine
  • Ensuring adequate cellular concentrations of enzymes required to produce glucose (correct)

    • What is a symptom commonly associated with adrenal insufficiency?

  • Increased plasma volume
  • High blood pressure
  • Elevated blood glucose levels
  • Weakness and lethargy (correct)

    • Which disease is characterized by excess cortisol in the blood?

    <p>Cushing's Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in Cushing's Syndrome?

    <p>Localized defect in the adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is critically important for calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyposecretion?

    <p>The secretion of too little hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of disorder occurs when the receptors on target cells are under-responsive to a hormone?

    <p>Hyporesponsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is primary hypothyroidism located?

    <p>In the thyroid itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorder occurs when the source of the disorder is located somewhere besides the end-organ?

    <p>Secondary Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of C cells in the thyroid?

    <p>Regulation of blood calcium levels through calcitonin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland sits on the posterior surface of the thyroid?

    <p>Parathyroid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between T3 and T4?

    <p>T3 contains 3 iodide groups and T4 contains 4 iodide groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are thyroid hormones carried in the bloodstream?

    <p>By carrier proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypersecretion refer to?

    <p>The secretion of too much hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hyperresponsiveness' occurs when:

    <p>The target cells are very responsive to a hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do primary disorders occur primarily?

    <p>In the end-organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in hyporesponsiveness?

    <p>The receptors on target cells are under-responsive to a hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyporesponsiveness refer to?

    <p>Under-responsiveness of the receptors on target cells to a hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of C cells in the thyroid?

    <p>Production of calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorder occurs when the source of the disorder is located somewhere besides the end-organ?

    <p>Secondary Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is critically important for calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hyperresponsiveness' occurs when:

    <p>The target cells over-respond to a hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in hyporesponsiveness?

    <p>The receptors on target cells are under-responsive to a hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cortisol in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by excess cortisol in the blood?

    <p>Cushing's Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between T3 and T4?

    <p>T3 contains 3 iodide groups and T4 contains 4 iodide groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypersecretion refer to?

    <p>The secretion of too much hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily produced in the outer cortex of the adrenal gland?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cortisol in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Maintains glucose concentration between meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of increased plasma cortisol levels in response to stress?

    <p>Elevated blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by chronically lower than normal plasma levels of cortisol?

    <p>Addison’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cushing's Syndrome?

    <p>Localized defect in the adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is critically important for calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does cortisol have on blood pressure and blood sugar levels?

    <p>Increases both blood pressure and blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of increased cortisol levels in Cushing's Syndrome?

    <p>Suppressed immune system function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in hyperresponsiveness?

    <p>Receptors on target cells are under-responsive to a hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypersecretion refer to?

    <p>The excessive production of a hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bones?

    <p>Increases bone catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Lowers blood sugar levels by promoting breakdown of glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

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