Endocrine System: Pituitary Gland
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is predominantly focused on in this chapter?

  • FSH
  • ACTH
  • Prolactin
  • Growth hormone (correct)

    • Which type of pituitary cells secrete prolactin?

  • Lactotropes (correct)
  • Gonadotropes
  • Corticotropes
  • Somatotropes

    • Which hormones are secreted by thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary?

  • ACTH and TSH
  • FSH and LH
  • TSH (correct)
  • Growth hormone

    • Which of the following hormones acts on the breast?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are oxytocin and vasopressin stored in the body?

    <p>Pituitary termini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are predominantly discussed as tropic hormones in the text?

    <p>FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates skin pigmentation among other functions?

    <p>POMC molecule derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the circulating pool of growth hormone activity is in bound form?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal basal plasma growth hormone level measured in adult humans?

    <p>Less than 3 ng/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are hGH-V and hCS primarily produced?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of circulating growth hormone in humans?

    <p>6-20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are somatomedins?

    <p>Growth factors secreted by the liver and other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary circulating somatomedin in humans?

    <p>Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in the surgical removal of pituitary tumors?

    <p>The often invasive nature of the tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was initially called sulfation factor because it stimulated sulfate incorporation into cartilage?

    <p>Somatomedin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the pituitary gland lie?

    <p>At the base of the brain in the sphenoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the portal hypophysial vessels?

    <p>To allow cells of the anterior pituitary to respond efficiently to regulatory factors from the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gigantism and acromegaly in relation to growth hormone?

    <p>They are conditions caused by excessive growth hormone in childhood and adulthood, respectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pituitary cell secretes the hormone ACTH?

    <p>Corticotrope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of total secretory cells that are somatotropes in the human anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene codes for the most abundant form of growth hormone?

    <p>hGH-N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland according to the text?

    <p>It lacks amino acids 32-46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic features of acromegaly after linear growth is no longer possible?

    <p>Enlarged hands and feet, soft tissue swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with acromegaly experience hypersecretion of both growth hormone and prolactin?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumors can cause acromegaly besides pituitary tumors?

    <p>Hypothalamic tumors secreting GHRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior pituitary in humans?

    <p>Synthesizing tropic hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mainstay of therapy for acromegaly?

    <p>Somatostatin analogues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Producing proopiomelanocortin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for activating growth and influencing metabolism in response to stressful conditions?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between growth hormone, IGF-I, and other hormones in influencing growth?

    <p>They influence growth in a complex manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the intermediate lobe in lower vertebrates, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Regulating skin pigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is synthesized by corticotropes of the anterior lobe and has a critical role in controlling skin pigmentation in mammals?

    <p>Melanotropins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to what factors is growth hormone secreted in an episodic manner as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hypothalamic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth hormone as discussed in the text?

    <p>Influencing metabolism in response to stressful conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone can stimulate the production of IGF-I and is responsible for activating growth according to the text?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pituitary gland is located in a pocket of the temporal bone at the base of the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior pituitary receives its blood supply from the portal hypophysial vessels that pass initially through the hypothalamus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior pituitary secretes hormones like TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, prolactin, and insulin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gigantism and acromegaly are two conditions caused by underproduction of growth hormone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somatotropes in the human anterior pituitary gland secrete growth hormone and make up 50% of the total secretory cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolactin is predominantly secreted by thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gonadotropes in the pituitary gland secrete LH, FSH, and TSH hormones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variant form of growth hormone is coded by the gene hGH-N on human chromosome 17.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Growth hormone receptor is a 620-amino-acid protein with a small extracellular portion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dimerization of growth hormone receptor is not necessary for receptor activation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somatomedins are polypeptide growth factors secreted by the pancreas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    JAK2 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase member of the Janus family.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IGF-I and IGF-II are closely related to glucagon.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    STATs migrate to the cytoplasm upon phosphorylation by JAK kinases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relaxin is not considered a member of the family of somatomedins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hormone that was initially called sulfation factor is primarily involved in stimulating collagen formation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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