Endocrine System: Parathyroid, Pancreas, and Adrenal Glands

What percentage of the digestive tract does the large intestine make up?

80-82%
60-62% (correct)
40-42%
70-72%

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

To break down plant fiber through fermentation
To act as a valve (correct)
To absorb fluids and VFAs
To produce B vitamins and VFAs

What is the purpose of the good bacteria in the cecum?

To control body temperature
To regulate the pH of the body fluids
To produce gas and lactic acid
To aid in the breakdown of plant fiber through fermentation (correct)

What is the difference between the large colon and small colon?

Diameter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the abdominal distress in horses?

Colic (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which energy is released from food inside the cells of the body?

Respiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long does the estrus stage typically last in cattle?

12-18 hours (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of puberty in cows?

10-15 months (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length of gestation in goats?

140-160 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which species is seasonally polyestrus?

Sheep (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age do bulls typically start producing sperm?

224 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the proestrus stage in animals?

2 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of irregular bones?

To protect and support the central nervous system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

To provide support and movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pneumonic bones?

They contain air spaces (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of sesamoid bones?

To reduce friction and change the direction of tendons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of long bones?

They are longest and provide support and movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a flat bone?

Skull (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flat bones?

To protect vital organs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is found in the joints?

Short bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

Bones on or attached to the midline of the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertebral column composed of?

Median unpaired irregular bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of flat bones?

Two plates of compact bone surrounded by spongy bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of levers in the skeletal system?

To reduce friction and change the direction of tendons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone?

Mobilization of calcium from the bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of α-cells in the pancreas?

Production of glucagon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of epinephrine on the body?

Increased alertness and focus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex?

Regulation of sodium metabolism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex?

Stimulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of norepinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

Maintenance of blood pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers