12 Questions
Which type of hormone signaling occurs when a cell secretes hormone molecules that bind to its own receptors?
Autocrine signaling
In which type of hormone signaling are hormone molecules secreted into the extracellular space and interact with nearby cells' receptors?
Paracrine signaling
Which type of hormone signaling is the most commonly known form of hormone signalling?
Endocrine signaling
What happens in neurocrine signaling?
Nerves secrete chemical neurotransmitters into the extracellular space that can then diffuse into the bloodstream and interact with different tissues
Why do hydrophobic hormones need to be bound to a carrier protein?
To make them soluble enough for transport in the aqueous environment of the bloodstream
How do non-lipid soluble (NLS) hormones exist in the bloodstream?
In an equilibrium between their free and carrier-bound state
What are hormones?
Molecules produced by the endocrine system that regulate bodily functions
Which glands are part of the endocrine system?
Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands
Where are receptors for nonlipid soluble (NLS) hormones located?
Plasma membrane
Why do lipid-soluble (LS) hormones have receptors in the cytosol or nucleus?
Due to their inability to cross the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
What is the function of the endocrine system?
To regulate bodily functions through hormone secretion
Where do hormones diffuse before being transported to different parts of the body?
Into the bloodstream
Study Notes
Endocrine System Signaling
- The endocrine system uses 4 types of hormone signaling: autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and neurocrine signaling.
- Autocrine signaling: cells secrete hormone molecules that bind to their own receptors.
- Paracrine signaling: hormone molecules are secreted into the extracellular space and interact with nearby cells' receptors.
- Endocrine signaling: secreted hormones diffuse into lymph vessels or the bloodstream and can reach distant tissues in the body.
- Neurocrine signaling: nerves secrete chemical neurotransmitters into the extracellular space, which can then diffuse into the bloodstream and interact with different tissues.
Hormone Characteristics
- Lipid-soluble (LS) hormones have a hydrophobic nature and must be bound to a carrier protein to be soluble in the bloodstream.
- Non-lipid-soluble (NLS) hormones have a hydrophilic nature and exist in the bloodstream in an equilibrium between their free and carrier-bound state.
Endocrine System Overview
- The endocrine system (also called the hormonal system) consists of glands that release different hormones.
- The endocrine system includes the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands.
- Hormones are molecules produced by the endocrine system that send messages to various parts of the body.
- Hormones help regulate bodily functions including metabolism, reproduction, growth, and mood.
Hormone Secretion and Transport
- The endocrine system releases very low concentrations of hormones from secretory cells into the extracellular space.
- Hormones diffuse from the extracellular space into the bloodstream, where they are transported to all parts of the body.
- Hormones interact with specific ligand receptors, which are located in the plasma membrane, cytosol, or nucleus depending on the nature of the hormone.
- Receptors for NLS hormones are located at the plasma membrane, while receptors for LS hormones are located in the cytosol or nucleus.
Learn about the hormonal system, also known as the endocrine system, which consists of various glands that release hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, reproduction, growth, and mood. Explore the concepts of hormone secretion and how messages are sent to different parts of the body.
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