Endocrine System Hormone Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulate?

Water absorption

Production of insulin

Release of T3 and T4 (correct)

Melanin production

What gland produces Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates testosterone production.

False

What is the primary function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

Triggers ovulation and progestin production Signup and view all the answers

What does Prolactin (PRL) stimulate?

Milk production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of Growth Hormone (hGH)?

All cell bodies Signup and view all the answers

What does Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) stimulate?

Melanin production Signup and view all the answers

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) reduces water loss.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone allows for milk delivery in the mammary gland?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with its effect:

Calcitonin = Lowers calcium levels in the blood Insulin = Decreases blood sugar levels Progesterone = Readies the body for pregnancy Melatonin = Establishes daily wake-sleep cycles Signup and view all the answers

What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?

Raises calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Aldosterone?

Regulates blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does Cortisol regulate?

Glucose metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Androgens stimulate fat storage.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for establishing daily wake-sleep cycles?

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What does Epinephrine do?

Puts body into fight or flight Signup and view all the answers

What does Insulin do in the body?

Decreases blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Glucagon primarily targets which organs?

Liver and skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What do ANP and BNP hormones promote?

Sodium and water loss Signup and view all the answers

What does Thymosin stimulate?

Lymphocyte and immune system function Signup and view all the answers

What do Testosterone and Inhibin hormones target?

Skeletal and muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Estrogen stimulates the development of female sexual characteristics.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does Leptin help control?

Normal levels of GnRH Signup and view all the answers

What does Resistin reduce?

Insulin sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormones of the Endocrine System

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Produced by anterior pituitary gland; targets thyroid; stimulates release of T3 and T4 hormones, crucial for metabolism.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Secreted by anterior pituitary gland; targets adrenal gland; stimulates glucocorticoid production, important for stress response.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Released by anterior pituitary; targets ovaries and testes; promotes estrogen secretion, egg development, and sperm production.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Anterior pituitary hormone; acts on ovaries and testes; triggers ovulation, progestin production in females, and androgen production in males.
Prolactin (PRL): From anterior pituitary; targets mammary glands; essential for milk production post childbirth.
Growth Hormone (hGH): Secreted by anterior pituitary; influences all cell types; stimulates growth, reproduction, and repair of tissues.
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH): Produced by anterior pituitary; targets melanin-producing cells; stimulates melanin production for skin pigmentation.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): Comes from posterior pituitary; targets kidneys; reduces water loss, increases thirst by conserving water.
Oxytocin: From posterior pituitary; targets uterus, mammary glands, and prostate; induces contractions in labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Calcitonin: Secreted by thyroid's C cells; targets kidneys and osteoclasts; lowers blood calcium levels and inhibits bone resorption.
Triiodothyronine (T3): Released by thyroid; affects most body cells; increases metabolism and heat production, critical for energy balance.
Thyroxine (T4): Derived from thyroid; targets most body cells; also increases metabolism and heat production.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Secreted by parathyroid glands; targets osteoclasts, kidneys, and intestines; raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and enhancing intestinal absorption.
Aldosterone: Produced in adrenal cortex; targets kidneys; reduces sodium and water loss, thus increasing blood pressure.
Cortisol: Hormone from adrenal cortex; affects liver, muscles, and immune cells; regulates glucose metabolism and reduces inflammation.
Androgens: Produced in adrenal cortex; targets sex organs; essential for reproduction and development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
Melatonin: Secreted by pineal gland; targets brain cells and hypothalamus; regulates sleep-wake cycles based on light exposure.
Epinephrine: Produced by adrenal medulla; targets nervous system; prepares body for fight-or-flight response.
Norepinephrine: Also from adrenal medulla; targets nervous system; plays a role in fight-or-flight response.
Insulin: Released by pancreas; targets body cells; lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake.
Glucagon: Produced by pancreas; targets liver and muscles; increases blood sugar levels through glycogen breakdown.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP): Produced by heart; affects kidneys; promotes sodium and water loss, leading to lower blood pressure.
Thymosin: Secreted by thymus; targets lymphocytes; stimulates immune cell maturation and function.
Testosterone: Produced by testes; targets skeletal and muscle cells; initiates male sexual characteristic development and reproduction.
Inhibin: Secreted by testes; targets sperm; facilitates maturation of spermatozoa, including development of flagella and enzyme packets.
Estrogen: Produced by ovaries; targets adipose tissue and ovaries; stimulates fat storage and female sexual characteristic development.
Progesterone: Secreted by ovaries; targets uterus; prepares the body for pregnancy by regulating the menstrual cycle.
Leptin: Produced by adipose tissue; targets brain's feeding center; signals fullness after meals, regulates GnRH levels.
Resistin: Secreted by adipose tissue; reduces insulin sensitivity, possibly contributing to insulin resistance.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the hormones produced by the endocrine system with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key hormones, their origins, and their target organs. Perfect for students studying human biology or health sciences.