Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?
Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?
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The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:
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The 'master gland' that regulates other glands is called the:
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Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?
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Insulin is produced by the:
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Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?
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A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:
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The four parathyroid glands are:
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The primary source of energy for living organisms is:
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The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:
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Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:
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The combining form (CF) adren/o means:
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The CF calc/o means:
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The CF crin/o means:
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The CF glyc/o means:
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The CF home/o means:
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The CF kal/i means:
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The CF pancreat/o means:
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The CF thyr/o means:
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The CF toxic/o means:
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The suffix -gen means:
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The suffix -emia means:
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The prefix exo- means:
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The prefix micro- means:
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The prefix eu- means:
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The prefix poly- means:
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Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:
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Study Notes
Hormones and Their Functions
- Sodium acts as an electrolyte critical for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function.
- Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, playing a vital role in metabolic processes.
- Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla during crisis situations, enhancing the body's fight-or-flight response.
- Oxytocin initiates labor during childbirth, stimulating contractions of the uterus.
Glandular Functions
- The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis, which secretes various hormones that regulate other glands.
- The pituitary gland is considered the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands, influencing numerous physiological processes.
- The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, controlling the rate of energy consumption in the body.
Production and Regulation
- Insulin is produced in the pancreas and is essential for glucose metabolism.
- Potassium serves as another important electrolyte, necessary for various bodily functions.
Homeostasis and Metabolism
- Homeostasis refers to the stable internal environment maintained by the body, crucial for health and survival.
- Glucose is identified as the primary source of energy for living organisms, supporting vital functions.
Hormonal Activity and Effects
- Prolactin is the pituitary hormone responsible for promoting lactation in new mothers after childbirth.
- Target cells refer to cells that respond specifically to hormones, influencing various physiological processes.
Combining Forms and Suffixes
- The combining form adren/o denotes adrenal glands, while calc/o stands for calcium.
- Crin/o indicates the process of secretion, and glyc/o signifies sugar or sweetness.
- Home/o implies sameness or similarity, critical for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
- The combining form kal/i relates to potassium, an essential electrolyte for bodily functions.
- The combining form pancreat/o refers to the pancreas, a crucial gland in metabolism.
- Toxic/o relates to poison, emphasizing the dangers of harmful substances in the body.
Prefixes and Their Significance
- Exo- means outside or outward, applicable to glands that secrete substances externally.
- Micro- indicates small size, significant in cellular and metabolic contexts.
- Eu- suggests a good or normal condition, often used in terms of health.
- Poly- means many or much, used in conditions involving excessive quantities.
Disorders Linked to Hormonal Imbalances
- Hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex leads to Cushing syndrome, a condition characterized by various metabolic disturbances.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with these flashcards from Chapter 14. This quiz covers key hormones, their functions, and roles within the body. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of this crucial biological system.
