Endocrine System Flashcards - Chapter 14
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?

  • Cortisol
  • Thyroxine
  • Glucagon
  • Sodium (correct)
  • Insulin
  • Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?

  • Aldosterone
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Androgen
  • Cortisol
  • Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?

  • Glucagon
  • Cortisol
  • Insulin
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Aldosterone
  • Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:

    <p>Adenohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'master gland' that regulates other glands is called the:

    <p>Pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?

    <p>Thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin is produced by the:

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four parathyroid glands are:

    <p>Located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary source of energy for living organisms is:

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:

    <p>Target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form (CF) adren/o means:

    <p>Adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF calc/o means:

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF crin/o means:

    <p>Secrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF glyc/o means:

    <p>Sugar, sweetness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF home/o means:

    <p>Same, alike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF kal/i means:

    <p>Potassium (an electrolyte)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF pancreat/o means:

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF thyr/o means:

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CF toxic/o means:

    <p>Poison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix -gen means:

    <p>Forming, producing, origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix -emia means:

    <p>Blood condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix exo- means:

    <p>Outside, outward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix micro- means:

    <p>Small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix eu- means:

    <p>Good, normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix poly- means:

    <p>Many, much</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:

    <p>Cushing syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormones and Their Functions

    • Sodium acts as an electrolyte critical for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function.
    • Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, playing a vital role in metabolic processes.
    • Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla during crisis situations, enhancing the body's fight-or-flight response.
    • Oxytocin initiates labor during childbirth, stimulating contractions of the uterus.

    Glandular Functions

    • The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis, which secretes various hormones that regulate other glands.
    • The pituitary gland is considered the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands, influencing numerous physiological processes.
    • The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, controlling the rate of energy consumption in the body.

    Production and Regulation

    • Insulin is produced in the pancreas and is essential for glucose metabolism.
    • Potassium serves as another important electrolyte, necessary for various bodily functions.

    Homeostasis and Metabolism

    • Homeostasis refers to the stable internal environment maintained by the body, crucial for health and survival.
    • Glucose is identified as the primary source of energy for living organisms, supporting vital functions.

    Hormonal Activity and Effects

    • Prolactin is the pituitary hormone responsible for promoting lactation in new mothers after childbirth.
    • Target cells refer to cells that respond specifically to hormones, influencing various physiological processes.

    Combining Forms and Suffixes

    • The combining form adren/o denotes adrenal glands, while calc/o stands for calcium.
    • Crin/o indicates the process of secretion, and glyc/o signifies sugar or sweetness.
    • Home/o implies sameness or similarity, critical for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
    • The combining form kal/i relates to potassium, an essential electrolyte for bodily functions.
    • The combining form pancreat/o refers to the pancreas, a crucial gland in metabolism.
    • Toxic/o relates to poison, emphasizing the dangers of harmful substances in the body.

    Prefixes and Their Significance

    • Exo- means outside or outward, applicable to glands that secrete substances externally.
    • Micro- indicates small size, significant in cellular and metabolic contexts.
    • Eu- suggests a good or normal condition, often used in terms of health.
    • Poly- means many or much, used in conditions involving excessive quantities.

    Disorders Linked to Hormonal Imbalances

    • Hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex leads to Cushing syndrome, a condition characterized by various metabolic disturbances.

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    Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with these flashcards from Chapter 14. This quiz covers key hormones, their functions, and roles within the body. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of this crucial biological system.

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