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Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?
Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?
- Cortisol
- Thyroxine
- Glucagon
- Sodium (correct)
- Insulin
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?
- Aldosterone
- Glucagon
- Insulin (correct)
- Androgen
- Cortisol
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?
- Glucagon
- Cortisol
- Insulin
- Epinephrine (correct)
- Aldosterone
Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?
Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:
The 'master gland' that regulates other glands is called the:
The 'master gland' that regulates other glands is called the:
Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?
Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?
Insulin is produced by the:
Insulin is produced by the:
Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?
Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?
A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:
A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:
The four parathyroid glands are:
The four parathyroid glands are:
The primary source of energy for living organisms is:
The primary source of energy for living organisms is:
The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:
The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:
Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:
Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:
The combining form (CF) adren/o means:
The combining form (CF) adren/o means:
The CF calc/o means:
The CF calc/o means:
The CF crin/o means:
The CF crin/o means:
The CF glyc/o means:
The CF glyc/o means:
The CF home/o means:
The CF home/o means:
The CF kal/i means:
The CF kal/i means:
The CF pancreat/o means:
The CF pancreat/o means:
The CF thyr/o means:
The CF thyr/o means:
The CF toxic/o means:
The CF toxic/o means:
The suffix -gen means:
The suffix -gen means:
The suffix -emia means:
The suffix -emia means:
The prefix exo- means:
The prefix exo- means:
The prefix micro- means:
The prefix micro- means:
The prefix eu- means:
The prefix eu- means:
The prefix poly- means:
The prefix poly- means:
Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:
Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:
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Study Notes
Hormones and Their Functions
- Sodium acts as an electrolyte critical for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function.
- Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, playing a vital role in metabolic processes.
- Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla during crisis situations, enhancing the body's fight-or-flight response.
- Oxytocin initiates labor during childbirth, stimulating contractions of the uterus.
Glandular Functions
- The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis, which secretes various hormones that regulate other glands.
- The pituitary gland is considered the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands, influencing numerous physiological processes.
- The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, controlling the rate of energy consumption in the body.
Production and Regulation
- Insulin is produced in the pancreas and is essential for glucose metabolism.
- Potassium serves as another important electrolyte, necessary for various bodily functions.
Homeostasis and Metabolism
- Homeostasis refers to the stable internal environment maintained by the body, crucial for health and survival.
- Glucose is identified as the primary source of energy for living organisms, supporting vital functions.
Hormonal Activity and Effects
- Prolactin is the pituitary hormone responsible for promoting lactation in new mothers after childbirth.
- Target cells refer to cells that respond specifically to hormones, influencing various physiological processes.
Combining Forms and Suffixes
- The combining form adren/o denotes adrenal glands, while calc/o stands for calcium.
- Crin/o indicates the process of secretion, and glyc/o signifies sugar or sweetness.
- Home/o implies sameness or similarity, critical for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
- The combining form kal/i relates to potassium, an essential electrolyte for bodily functions.
- The combining form pancreat/o refers to the pancreas, a crucial gland in metabolism.
- Toxic/o relates to poison, emphasizing the dangers of harmful substances in the body.
Prefixes and Their Significance
- Exo- means outside or outward, applicable to glands that secrete substances externally.
- Micro- indicates small size, significant in cellular and metabolic contexts.
- Eu- suggests a good or normal condition, often used in terms of health.
- Poly- means many or much, used in conditions involving excessive quantities.
Disorders Linked to Hormonal Imbalances
- Hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex leads to Cushing syndrome, a condition characterized by various metabolic disturbances.
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