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Questions and Answers
Match the type of hormone with its characteristics:
Steroid hormones = Travel through the bloodstream bound to transport proteins to reach target cells Peptidic hormones = Made of chains of amino acids and hydrophilic Non-steroid hormones = Either peptides or proteins and can't pass through the phospholipid bilayer
Match the gland with the type of hormone it produces:
Adrenal glands = Sit above each kidney Gonads = Either testes or ovaries
Match the hormone with its function:
Insulin = Lowers blood sugar levels Glucagon = Raises blood sugar levels
Match the characteristic with the type of cell response:
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Match the following hormone types with their behavior in the body:
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Match the following endocrine glands/nuclei with their functions:
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Match the following hormone receptor types with their mode of action:
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Match the following hormone pairs with their corresponding names:
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Study Notes
The Endocrine System
- The endocrine system is made up of various endocrine glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to help establish homeostasis.
- Hormones bind to a receptor on the target cell's membrane or within the cell, causing the target cell to change its behavior.
Types of Hormones
- Hormones can be either steroids or non-steroids.
- Steroid hormones are made from cholesterol and are produced by the adrenal glands and gonads.
- Steroid hormones are hydrophobic, travel through the bloodstream bound to transport proteins, and can diffuse across the phospholipid membrane of target cells.
- Non-steroid hormones are either peptides or proteins and can be hydrophilic or derive from a single amino acid.
- Peptidic hormones, like insulin and glucagon, bind to cell surface receptor proteins and activate various proteins and enzymes to create changes in gene expression.
- Amino-acid hormones, like thyroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, are synthesized differently and can behave like either steroids or peptides.
Hormone Function
- Steroid hormones bind to an intracellular receptor, signaling changes in gene expression in the nucleus.
- Non-steroid hormones bind to cell surface receptors, triggering changes in the cell without entering the cell.
- Thyroid hormones behave like steroid hormones, while adrenaline and noradrenaline behave like peptide hormones.
Endocrine Glands
- Endocrine glands are scattered throughout the body, with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland located in the brain.
- The hypothalamus is the link between the nervous and endocrine systems, receiving information from the entire body and secreting hormones to control other endocrine glands.
- The pituitary gland is composed of two lobes: the anterior lobe (glandular tissue) and the posterior lobe (axons of neurons from the hypothalamus).
- The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to control the production of other endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the endocrine system, hormones, and how they help maintain balance in the body. Learn about the different types of hormones, including steroids and non-steroids, and how they interact with target cells to regulate various functions.
