Endocrine System: Steroid Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are steroid hormones primarily derived from?

  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids
  • Cholesterol (correct)

Which type of hormone action involves the hormone acting on the same cell that produced it?

  • Exocrine action
  • Endocrine action
  • Paracrine action
  • Autocrine action (correct)

Which of the following best describes the property of steroid hormones?

  • They are large and hydrophilic.
  • They are lipophilic and low-molecular weight. (correct)
  • They are high in molecular weight and charged.
  • They require transport proteins for action.

Which endocrine glands are primarily responsible for producing steroid hormones?

<p>Gonads and adrenal glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason hormones are quickly degraded?

<p>They have a specific half-life and are metabolized rapidly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of binding proteins in relation to hormones?

<p>To enable transportation and protect them from degradation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular structures are steroid hormones synthesized?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone action involves the hormone traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells?

<p>Endocrine action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aldosterone in the human body?

<p>Increases blood pressure and fluid volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced directly from cholesterol?

<p>Pregnenolone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of stereoisomerism in steroid hormones?

<p>It is important for biological activity and steroid-protein interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cortisol from other steroid hormones in humans?

<p>It is the dominant glucocorticoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process can cholesterol undergo in the liver?

<p>It can become bile acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by excessive cortisol production?

<p>Cushing's syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein (STAR)?

<p>Transport cholesterol into mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytochrome P450 enzymes are associated with mitochondrial membranes?

<p>CYP11A, CYP11B1, CYP11B2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Cholesterol side chain during the first enzymatic conversion in steroidogenesis?

<p>It is converted to pregnenolone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of a mutation in the mechanism of cholesterol transport by STAR?

<p>Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of steroid hormones allows them to cross plasma membranes?

<p>They are lipophilic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of hormones acts locally by diffusing to nearby target cells?

<p>Prostaglandins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hormones in the body?

<p>Regulating physiological functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of hormone degradation in the bloodstream?

<p>It is rapid and often involves binding proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor molecule for all steroid hormones?

<p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, which unit is responsible for producing steroid hormones?

<p>Feto-placental unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the endocrine action of hormones?

<p>They are distributed through the bloodstream to distant target cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major functional type of hormone action?

<p>Neurocrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine cells that travel through the bloodstream to regulate various physiological functions.

Steroid Hormones

A type of hormone derived from cholesterol, acting on target cells via intracellular receptors.

Cholesterol

The precursor molecule for all steroid hormones, synthesized in the liver and stored in the adrenal glands.

Intracellular Receptor Binding

The process by which hormones bind to receptors inside target cells, triggering a specific cellular response.

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Hormone Activation

The conversion of a hormone precursor into its active form.

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Steroid Hormone Transport

The transport of steroid hormones through the bloodstream, typically bound to carrier proteins.

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Hormone Recognition

The process by which cells recognize and respond to specific hormones.

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Steroid Hormone Regulation of Gene Expression

The mechanism by which steroid hormones influence gene expression, leading to changes in protein synthesis.

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Steroid Structure

The basic structure of steroids, comprising a stable sterane system with variations in substituents affecting activity.

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Pregnenolone

The steroid hormone produced directly from cholesterol, serving as a precursor for other hormones, like progesterone.

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Progesterone

A progestin hormone produced from pregnenolone, playing a key role in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and mammary gland development.

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Aldosterone

The main mineralocorticoid, synthesized from progesterone in the adrenal cortex, responsible for regulating blood pressure and fluid volume.

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Cortisol

The dominant glucocorticoid in humans, synthesized from progesterone in the adrenal cortex, involved in stress adaptation and numerous immune system functions.

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What are hormones?

Molecules that travel through the bloodstream to regulate various physiological functions.

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What are steroid hormones?

A type of hormone derived from cholesterol, traveling through the bloodstream and acting on target cells via intracellular receptors.

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What is cholesterol's role in steroid hormone production?

The precursor molecule for all steroid hormones, synthesized in the liver and stored in the adrenal glands.

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What are signal transduction pathways?

A type of signaling pathway that involves a chain of molecular interactions starting at the cell membrane and leading to a change in the cell's activity.

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How do steroid hormones exert their effects?

The process by which steroid hormones bind to receptors inside target cells, triggering a specific cellular response.

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Where are steroid hormones primarily produced?

Gonads (testes and ovaries), adrenals, and during pregnancy, the feto-placental unit.

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Why can steroid hormones easily enter cells?

Steroids are non-polar (no net charge) and can therefore diffuse across lipid membranes, such as the plasma membrane.

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Describe the chemical nature of steroid hormones.

Steroids are lipophilic, low-molecular weight compounds derived from cholesterol in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of endocrine cells.

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What is the role of STAR in steroidogenesis?

A key protein that moves cholesterol from outside the cell into the mitochondria, the first step in steroid hormone production.

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What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A genetic condition where the adrenal glands cannot properly produce cortisol, leading to excess androgen production.

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What are Cytochrome P450 enzymes and how are they classified?

A group of enzymes involved in the hydroxylation and cleavage of steroid hormones, categorized by their location in the cell.

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What is Addison's disease?

This condition occurs when the adrenal cortex doesn't produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, leading to fatigue, weakness, and low blood sugar.

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What is Cushing's syndrome?

A condition caused by excessive cortisol production, leading to weight gain, high blood sugar, and mood changes.

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