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Questions and Answers
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Increased basal metabolic rate is a sign of excess thyroid hormone.
Increased basal metabolic rate is a sign of excess thyroid hormone.
True
Weight gain is a sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
Weight gain is a sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
True
Mental slowness and lethargy are signs of excess thyroid hormones.
Mental slowness and lethargy are signs of excess thyroid hormones.
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Hair loss is a sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
Hair loss is a sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
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Bradycardia is a sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
Bradycardia is a sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
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Good appetite is a sign of excess thyroid hormones.
Good appetite is a sign of excess thyroid hormones.
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Constipation is sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
Constipation is sign of deficiency of thyroid hormones.
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Exophthalmos is a sign of excess thyroid hormones.
Exophthalmos is a sign of excess thyroid hormones.
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Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids?
Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids?
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Secretion of aldosterone is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism and blood potassium concentration.
Secretion of aldosterone is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism and blood potassium concentration.
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What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
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Low blood volume stimulates the secretion of renin.
Low blood volume stimulates the secretion of renin.
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Renin is a hormone made by the liver.
Renin is a hormone made by the liver.
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Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone.
Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone.
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Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules.
Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules.
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The net effect of aldosterone secretion is an increase in urine output and increased excretion of sodium.
The net effect of aldosterone secretion is an increase in urine output and increased excretion of sodium.
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Match the following terms related to glucose metabolism with their definitions.
Match the following terms related to glucose metabolism with their definitions.
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The pineal gland is attached to the roof of the ______ and is connected to it by a short stalk containing nerves that terminate in the ______. It secretes the hormone ______. Secretion of this hormone is controlled by daylight being highest during the night. Its functions may include the coordination of ______ and inhibition of development of the sex organs before puberty. The gland tends to atrophy at puberty.
The pineal gland is attached to the roof of the ______ and is connected to it by a short stalk containing nerves that terminate in the ______. It secretes the hormone ______. Secretion of this hormone is controlled by daylight being highest during the night. Its functions may include the coordination of ______ and inhibition of development of the sex organs before puberty. The gland tends to atrophy at puberty.
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What is histamine?
What is histamine?
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Which of the following best describes serotonin?
Which of the following best describes serotonin?
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What characterizes an endocrine gland?
What characterizes an endocrine gland?
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Which of the following is NOT a general function of the endocrine system?
Which of the following is NOT a general function of the endocrine system?
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What is the primary function of trophic hormones?
What is the primary function of trophic hormones?
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Which of the following hormones is a steroid?
Which of the following hormones is a steroid?
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What stimulates the release of thyroid hormone?
What stimulates the release of thyroid hormone?
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What directly stimulates the growth of the ovarian follicle?
What directly stimulates the growth of the ovarian follicle?
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What does prolactin affect?
What does prolactin affect?
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What is the vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland called?
What is the vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland called?
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What does the posterior pituitary gland store and release?
What does the posterior pituitary gland store and release?
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What is the gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
What is the gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
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What do the hormones secreted by the pancreatic islets affect?
What do the hormones secreted by the pancreatic islets affect?
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What is the primary role of thymosin?
What is the primary role of thymosin?
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Study Notes
Endocrine System Glands
- Pineal body
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid glands
- Thymus gland
- Adrenal glands
- Pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)
- Ovaries (female)
- Testes (male)
Hormone Classification
- Lipid-based: Oestrogen, Testosterone, Progesterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone , Thyroxine
- Peptide: Insulin, Adrenaline (epinephrine), Noradrenaline (norepinephrine), Glucagon
Endocrine Hormone Location
- Anterior Pituitary: Prolactin, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Luteinising hormone, Growth hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone
- Posterior Pituitary: Antidiuretic hormone, Oxytocin
Thyroid Hormone Effects
- Excess: Increased basal metabolic rate, weight loss, mental quickness, hair growth, Tachycardia, good appetite, diarrhea, and exopthalmos
- Deficiency: Weight gain, mental slowness, lethargy, hair loss, bradycardia, good appetite, constipation, and edema
Parathyroid Glands
- Located behind the thyroid gland
- Two pairs of superior and inferior parathyroid glands
Glucocorticoids
- Not part of the immune response
Mineralocorticoids
- Regulate sodium, potassium, and hydrogen balance
Adrenal Medulla
- Secretes adrenaline (epinephrine)
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Low blood volume stimulates renin secretion
- Renin converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands
- Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys
- Net effect: increased water retention, reduced urine output, and increased sodium retention
Metabolic Processes
- Gluconeogenesis: Formation of new glucose from non-sugar molecules
- Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels
- Glycogenolysis: Breakdown of glycogen into glucose
- Lipolysis: Breakdown of fats
- Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar levels
- Glycogenesis: Formation of glycogen from glucose
- Lipogenesis: Synthesis and storage of fatty acids
Pineal Gland
- Located in the brain
- Secretes melatonin
- Controlled by daylight
- Functions may include: coordination of circadian rhythms, inhibition of sex organ development pre-puberty, and gland atrophy at puberty
Histamine
- Bronchoconstrictor
Serotonin
- Hormone
- Present in platelets
Endocrine Glands General Function
- Not conduction
General Endocrine Gland Function
- Have a higher than normal blood supply
Trophic Hormones
- Target other endocrine glands, stimulating their growth and secretion
Hormone Types
- Steroid
- Cortisol
Thyroid Hormone Release
- Stimulated by another hormone from the anterior pituitary
Ovarian Follicle Growth
- Result of FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
Prolactin Effect
- Milk secretion
Hypothalamus-Anterior Pituitary Connection
- Pituitary portal system
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
Pancreas Function
- Exocrine and endocrine functions
Pancreatic Islet Hormone Effect
- Affect glucose usage
Thymosin Role
- Immunity
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts about the endocrine system, including various glands such as the pineal body, pituitary gland, and others. It also addresses hormone classification, effects of thyroid hormones, and the functions of parathyroid glands. Test your knowledge on this essential aspect of human biology.
