Endocrine Tutorials Answers (1) PDF

**Answers** 1\. Colour the diagram and label the glands of the endocrine system.  2\. Enter a tick in the appropriate column to indicate whether the following hormones are lipid-based hormones or peptide hormones. **Hormone** **Li...

**Answers** 1\. Colour the diagram and label the glands of the endocrine system.  2\. Enter a tick in the appropriate column to indicate whether the following hormones are lipid-based hormones or peptide hormones. **Hormone** **Lipid based** **Peptide** -------------------------------- ----------------- ------------- Insulin Oestrogen Adrenaline (epinephrine) Testosterone Thyroxine Progesterone Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) Glucagon Aldosterone 3\. Enter a tick in the appropriate column to indicate whether the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland or the posterior pituitary gland. **Hormone** **Anterior pituitary** **Posterior pituitary** ------------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------- Prolactin Thyroid stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Luteinising hormone Growth hormone Oxytocin Adrenocorticotrophic hormone Follicle stimulating hormone 4\. Enter a tick in the appropriate column to indicate whether each of the following signs/symptoms is an effect of excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones. **Sign/symptom** **Excess** **Deficiency** -------------------------------- ------------ ---------------- Increased basal metabolic rate Weight gain Mental slowness, lethargy Hair loss Bradycardia Good appetite Constipation Exophthalmos 5\. Label the parathyroid glands and their related structures. f09-09-9780702032271 6\. Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids? - They enhance the immune response. 7\. The mineralocorticoids of the adrenal cortex regulate or influence: \_\_\_\_\_. - sodium, potassium, and hydrogen balance 8\. Secretion of which of the following is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism and blood potassium concentration? - Aldosterone 9\. The adrenal medulla secretes: \_\_\_\_\_. - adrenaline (epinephrine) 10\. Enter a tick in the appropriate column to indicate whether each of the following statements on the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system is true or false. **Statement** **True** **False** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- Low blood volume stimulates secretion of renin. Renin converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2. Renin is a hormone made by the liver. ACE is a hormone made by the liver. Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone. Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules. The net effect of aldosterone secretion is an increase in urine output and increased excretion of sodium. 11\. Match the following terms with the appropriate definition. - Gluconeogenesis: Formation of new glucose from non-sugar molecules - Hypoglycaemia: Low blood sugar levels - Glycogenolysis: Breakdown of glycogen into glucose - Lipolysis: Breakdown of fats - Hyperglycaemia: High blood sugar levels - Glycogenesis: Formation of glycogen from glucose - Lipogenesis: Synthesis and storage of fatty acids 12\. Fill in the blanks to complete the paragraph on the pineal gland. The pineal gland is attached to the **roof of the third ventricle** and is connected to it by a short stalk containing nerves that terminate in the **hypothalamus**. It secretes the hormone **melatonin**. Secretion of this hormone is controlled by **daylight** being highest **during the night**. Its functions may include **coordination of circadian rhythms** and **inhibition of development of the sex organs before puberty**. The gland tends to atrophy **at puberty**. 13\. Histamine is: \_\_\_\_\_. - a bronchoconstrictor - released as part of the inflammatory response 14\. Serotonin is: \_\_\_\_\_. - a hormone - present in platelets 17\. An endocrine gland typically has: \_\_\_\_\_. - a higher than normal blood supply 18\. Which of the following is not a general function of the endocrine system? - Conduction 19\. Trophic hormones: \_\_\_\_\_. - target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion 20\. Which of the following hormones is a steroid? \_\_\_\_\_. - cortisol 21\. Release of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: \_\_\_\_\_. - anterior pituitary 22\. Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs as a result of: \_\_\_\_\_. - FSH 23\. Prolactin affects: \_\_\_\_\_. - milk secretion 24\. The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is called the: \_\_\_\_\_. - pituitary portal system 25\. The posterior pituitary stores and releases: \_\_\_\_\_. - antidiuretic hormone - oxytocin 26\. Which gland has both exocrine and endocrine functions? - Pancreas 27\. Hormones produced by the pancreatic islets affect the body's use of: \_\_\_\_\_. - glucose 28\. Thymosin is a hormone that plays a role in: \_\_\_\_\_. - immunity