Podcast
Questions and Answers
Hormones secreted into extracellular fluids by endocrine cells reach their targets via the ______.
Hormones secreted into extracellular fluids by endocrine cells reach their targets via the ______.
bloodstream
In ______ signaling, target cells lie near the secreted cells.
In ______ signaling, target cells lie near the secreted cells.
Paracrine
The primary function of the ______ is to coordinate endocrine signaling.
The primary function of the ______ is to coordinate endocrine signaling.
hypothalamus
The ______ comprises the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary.
The ______ comprises the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary.
Signup and view all the answers
Neurotransmitters are secreted at specialized junctions called ______.
Neurotransmitters are secreted at specialized junctions called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The anterior pituitary secretes ______, which has a role in milk production.
The anterior pituitary secretes ______, which has a role in milk production.
Signup and view all the answers
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the ______ when thyroid hormone levels drop.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the ______ when thyroid hormone levels drop.
Signup and view all the answers
The posterior pituitary ______ and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus.
The posterior pituitary ______ and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Endocrine Signaling
- Five types of communication between animal cells are described; 5-8 slides.
- Endocrine signaling: Hormones secreted into extracellular fluids by endocrine cells reach target cells via the bloodstream.
- Homeostasis is maintained.
- Responses to stimuli are mediated.
- Growth and development are regulated.
- Triggers changes underlying sexual maturity and reproduction.
Paracrine/Autocrine Signaling
- Paracrine: Target cells lie near the secreted cells.
- Autocrine: Target cell is also the secreting cell.
- These two play roles in blood pressure regulation and nervous system/reproductive function.
Synaptic Signaling
- Neurons communicate with target cells via specialized junctions (synapses).
- Neurotransmitters diffuse short distances, binding to receptors on target cells.
Neuroendocrine Signaling
- Specialized neurosecretory cells release neurohormones.
- Neurohormones diffuse into bloodstream from nerve endings.
Hypothalamus
- Located at the base of the brain.
- Coordinates endocrine signaling.
- Signals travel to the pituitary gland (posterior and anterior).
- Makes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Pituitary Gland
- Composed of posterior and anterior pituitary.
- Posterior Pituitary: Stores and secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus.
- Anterior Pituitary: Makes and releases hormones, regulated by the hypothalamus.
Thyroid Gland
- Located in the neck.
- Regulates body metabolism (converts food to energy).
- Regulated through a hormone cascade pathway:
- Low thyroid hormone levels trigger the hypothalamus to release TRH.
- TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH.
- TSH stimulates the thyroid to release thyroid hormone.
Parathyroid Glands
- Located near the thyroid glands in the neck.
- Regulates blood calcium levels.
- Makes parathyroid hormone (PTH):
- Released when calcium levels are low.
- Raises calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones and stimulating reabsorption in kidneys.
- Makes calcitonin:
- Lowers blood calcium levels.
- Stimulates calcium deposition in bones.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the various types of cell signaling in animals, emphasizing endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, synaptic, and neuroendocrine systems. It discusses the importance of these signaling processes in maintaining homeostasis, regulating growth, and mediating responses to stimuli. Test your understanding of how these signaling mechanisms function and their roles in physiology.
