30 Questions
What type of cells in the endocrine pancreas produce insulin?
Beta cells
Which hormone is released by the alpha cells of the endocrine pancreas?
Glucagon
What is the primary function of insulin in blood glucose regulation?
Facilitating glucose uptake by cells
In response to low blood glucose levels, what does glucagon stimulate in the liver?
Glycogen breakdown
Which hormone promotes storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles?
Insulin
What is the role of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?
Hormone production
What is the primary function of aldosterone?
Increase water reabsorption by the kidneys
When does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) get activated?
Low blood pressure
Which gland produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Posterior pituitary gland
What is the main function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
Decrease water and sodium reabsorption by the kidneys
Which hormone increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and promotes calcium release from bones?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What hormone is released by the atria of the heart in response to high blood volume or high blood pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the main cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
High urine osmolality
How can central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus be differentiated?
By measuring ADH levels
Which of the following is a management strategy for SIADH?
Fluid restriction
What pharmacological treatment may be considered for SIADH if other interventions fail?
Demeclocycline
Which hormones are primarily produced by the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens
What is the characteristic symptom of Addison's disease?
Insufficient cortisol production
What test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing Addison's disease?
ACTH stimulation test
For a patient diagnosed with Addison's disease, what is the most appropriate initial treatment?
Hydrocortisone
Which condition is more commonly associated with Addison's disease?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
What is the most common cause of Addison's disease in developed countries?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
In cases of an Addisonian crisis, which treatment should be administered immediately?
Intravenous hydrocortisone
Based on the clinical presentation described, what condition is most likely for the 45-year-old male?
Pheochromocytoma
What is the classic triad of symptoms associated with pheochromocytoma?
Headache, palpitations, and sweating
Which of the following laboratory tests is most commonly used for the initial diagnosis of pheochromocytoma?
Plasma metanephrines
What is the most appropriate initial imaging study to localize a pheochromocytoma?
Abdominal CT scan
Which of the following medications should be initiated first in the preoperative management of a patient with pheochromocytoma?
Alpha-blocker
Which of the following genetic syndromes is associated with an increased risk of pheochromocytoma?
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)
What is the definitive treatment for pheochromocytoma?
Surgical removal of the tumor
Test your knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of the endocrine pancreas. Questions cover topics such as insulin, glucagon, diabetes mellitus types, target organs, and hormone responses.
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