Endocrine Organ Structure and Function Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which category of classic hormones includes catecholamines, thyroid hormones, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes?

Steroids

Glycoproteins

Small peptides and proteins

Amino acid- and arachidonic acid-derivatives (correct)

Where are the granules typically located in cells that produce small peptides, polypeptides, and proteins?

Near the Golgi apparatus

In the cytoplasm

Near the nucleus

Basal, near a capillary (correct)

What is the distinctive feature of the mitochondria in cells that secrete steroids?

No cristae present

Tubular-shaped cristae (correct)

Granular texture

Flattened cristae

Why do most hormones, even water-soluble ones, require carrier proteins during transport in the blood?

To maintain their stability in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hormones bound to carrier proteins in the blood?

They are usually not biologically active Signup and view all the answers

What should lab tests measure to determine the biologically active form of hormones?

Free non-carrier-bound hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitonin in the thyroid gland?

Suppress the action of osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the central colloid in the thyroid gland mainly composed of?

Thyroglobulin Signup and view all the answers

Where is parathyroid hormone produced in the parathyroid glands?

Chief cells Signup and view all the answers

How do follicular cells in the thyroid gland endocytose thyroglobulin with coupled iodinated tyrosines?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are embedded in the posterior thyroid capsule?

Parathyroid glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in regulating serum calcium levels?

Increase calcium and decrease phosphate levels Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories of hormones?

Peptide, steroid, amino acid-derived Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the histology of endocrine cells based on their affinity to stains, hormones secreted, function, and hypothalamic control?

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurosecretory (Herring) bodies?

Storing and releasing oxytocin and vasopressin Signup and view all the answers

How do the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis differ in terms of cell populations and functions?

Adenohypophysis releases anterior pituitary hormones, while neurohypophysis releases posterior pituitary hormones. Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the types and functions of hormone receptors crucial?

To comprehend how hormones exert their effects on target cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes free hormone from bound hormone in terms of functionality?

Free hormones are active in exerting effects, while bound hormones act as reservoirs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of pituitary adenoma mentioned in the text?

Prolactinoma Signup and view all the answers

What causes Diabetes insipidus as described in the text?

Compression by tumor Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the enlargement of the thyroid gland referred to as a goiter?

Excess TSH production Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates osteoclasts to proliferate and increase in activity in the case of Hyperparathyroidism?

PTH excess Signup and view all the answers

In Hyperparathyroidism, what condition may result from abnormally deposited calcium in arteries and kidneys?

Hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of pituitary adenomas mentioned in the text?

Dense-core secretory granules Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of endocrine organs?

Intimate association with fenestrated capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Where is the anterior pituitary derived from embryologically?

Ectoderm of the oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of growth hormone by somatotropes in the anterior pituitary?

Thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits the release of prolactin by lactotropes/mammotropes in the anterior pituitary?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basophils in the anterior pituitary?

Produce proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary represent progenitor cells or degranulated cells?

Chromophobes Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by corticotropes in the anterior pituitary?

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Signup and view all the answers