Endocrine Glands Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the cells that synthesize and secrete Parathormone (PTH) in the parathyroid glands?

  • Oxyphil cells
  • Chief or Principal Cells (correct)
  • Thyroid cells
  • Adrenal cells

    • What is the primary function of the parathyroid glands?

  • Regulating blood pressure
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Regulating blood calcium levels (correct)
  • Regulating blood sugar levels

    • What is the name of the inner core of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines?

  • Parathyroid gland
  • Adrenal medulla (correct)
  • Adrenal cortex
  • Thyroid gland

    • What is the name of the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex where cells are arranged in round clusters?

    <p>Zona Glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of endocrine tissue with different embryological origins found in the adrenal gland?

    <p>Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates blood calcium levels?

    <p>Parathormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer of the adrenal cortex where cells are arranged in parallel columns?

    <p>Zona Fasciculata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cells in the parathyroid glands that do not secrete Parathormone (PTH)?

    <p>Oxyphil cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the adrenal gland?

    <p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Regulating immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Regulation of blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>It is divided into three histological zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the oxyphil cells in the parathyroid glands?

    <p>They have eosinophilic cytoplasm and do not secrete PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the adrenal glands?

    <p>On the upper pole of each kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the chief cells in the parathyroid glands?

    <p>They have pale pink cytoplasm and secrete PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the adrenal medulla?

    <p>It is an inner core of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Chromophobes cells are present in the Anterior Pituitary?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the Anterior Pituitary secrete GH and Prolactin?

    <p>Acidophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structures in the Posterior Pituitary that store hormones?

    <p>Herring bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cells synthesizing and transporting hormones from the hypothalamus to the Posterior Pituitary?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of Basophils present in the Anterior Pituitary?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the cells called somatotrophs?

    <p>GH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Chromaffin cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

    <p>Regulation of blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the adrenal gland where sex steroids are produced?

    <p>Zona Reticularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone produced by alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cells in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Granular, lightly basophilic cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone produced by PP cells in the islets of Langerhans?

    <p>Pancreatic polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of endocrine glands?

    <p>They are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parenchymal cells in endocrine glands?

    <p>To discharge hormones into the interstitial space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the endocrine glands?

    <p>Islands of secretory epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hormones disseminate throughout the body?

    <p>Through the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stroma in endocrine glands?

    <p>To filter blood and lymphatic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cells of the endocrine system?

    <p>Large nucleus and abundant mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of the thyroid gland?

    <p>It stores inactive hormone in large quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells produce Iodine containing hormones in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Follicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>To secrete calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the thyroid follicles?

    <p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the follicular cells when they are actively synthesizing hormone?

    <p>They become columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the colloid in the thyroid follicles?

    <p>It stores inactive hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Production of hormones that regulate growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of endocrine system is scattered throughout an extensive epithelium?

    <p>Diffuse endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the pituitary gland?

    <p>At the base of the brain in a bony cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Production of hormones that regulate growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the part of the pituitary gland that develops from oral mucosa?

    <p>Adenohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the part of the pituitary gland that develops from neural tissue?

    <p>Neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of growth hormone (GH) produced by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Regulation of growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal glands?

    <p>Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony cavity where the pituitary gland is located?

    <p>Sella turcica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Greek noun 'teras' mean?

    <p>A type of monster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four categories of teratogens?

    <p>Infectious agents, chemical agents, physical agents, and genetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a viral infectious agent that can cause birth defects?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ionizing radiation on the embryo or fetus?

    <p>It produces different types of birth defects depending on the dose, duration of exposure, and stage of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a genetic cause of birth defects?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of birth defects?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a teratogen?

    <p>A substance that induces or amplifies abnormal embryonic or fetal development and causes birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a maternal condition that can cause birth defects?

    <p>Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an abnormal developmental process that occurs during the formation of an organ or a larger region of the body?

    <p>Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that occurs due to trisomy of sex chromosomes?

    <p>Klinefelter Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morphologic defect that occurs due to exposure to teratogens or an interference with an originally normal developmental process?

    <p>Disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of large doses of radiation on the occurrence of mutations?

    <p>It increases the occurrence of mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a congenital anomaly caused by a mutation?

    <p>Fetal alcohol syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period during which most malformations occur?

    <p>3rd-8th weeks of gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a change in the function of a gene?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a mutation?

    <p>It is permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of birth defects called?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teratogens can cause physical or functional defects in the human embryo or fetus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation is a potent teratogen?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a numerical chromosomal abnormality?

    <p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances that may produce physical or functional defects in the human embryo or fetus?

    <p>Teratogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an infectious agent that can cause birth defects?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the causes and development of monsters or abnormal formations?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a maternal condition that can cause birth defects?

    <p>Hormonal imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of an extra sex chromosome, resulting in a genetic disorder?

    <p>Klinefelter Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromosomal abnormality involves the rearrangement of genetic material within a chromosome?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morphologic defect of an organ or part of an organ that results from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process?

    <p>Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morphologic defect of an organ or part of an organ that results from exposure to teratogens or interference with a normal developmental process?

    <p>Disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a congenital anomaly characterized by a cleft in the lip and/or palate?

    <p>Cleft Lip and Palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of a major portion of the brain?

    <p>Anencephaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a congenital anomaly characterized by the protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall near the belly button?

    <p>Omphalocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that occurs due to trisomy of sex chromosomes?

    <p>Klinefelter Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mutation that involves a loss or change in the function of a gene?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morphologic defect of an organ or part of an organ that results from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process?

    <p>Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a morphologic defect of an organ or part of an organ that results from exposure to teratogens or interference with an originally normal developmental process?

    <p>Disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal alcohol syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a congenital anomaly that occurs when the embryo's neural tube fails to close properly?

    <p>Spina bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of teratogens includes viruses such as Rubella and cytomegalovirus?

    <p>Infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ionizing radiation on the developing embryo or fetus?

    <p>It can produce any type of birth defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a chromosomal abnormality in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21?

    <p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of teratogens that includes maternal health conditions?

    <p>Maternal health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the study of the causes and mechanisms of birth defects?

    <p>Teratology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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