Anatomy of the Endocrine System
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

  • The source from which they are derived
  • The organs they target
  • The type of receptors they bind to
  • How fast they make changes in the cell and how long those changes last (correct)
  • What happens when a hormone attaches to its specific receptor?

  • It inactivates the enzyme
  • It releases a new hormone
  • It changes the shape of the protein (correct)
  • It changes the shape of the hormone
  • What is the primary function of peptide hormones?

  • To synthesize new proteins
  • To activate existing enzymes (correct)
  • To secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  • To inhibit existing enzymes
  • What determines the specificity of a hormone to its target organ?

    <p>The type of receptor on the target organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of steroid hormones that allows them to change what the cell is making?

    <p>They can pass through the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of steroid hormones over peptide hormones?

    <p>They have a longer lasting effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of exocrine glands?

    <p>They have ducts and secrete into an epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lock-and-key mechanism in hormone action?

    <p>To ensure that each hormone binds specifically to its receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

    <p>To regulate body functions, such as metabolism and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands?

    <p>Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do hormones dissolve into the bloodstream?

    <p>Blood plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which hormones travel to their target cells?

    <p>Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential characteristic of a hormone?

    <p>It is produced by one set of cells and affects another set of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the endocrine organ in hormone production?

    <p>It produces the hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a hormone interact with its target cell?

    <p>Through chemical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cell projections in hormone interaction?

    <p>To allow the hormone to interact with its target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Endocrine System

    • The endocrine system is composed of glands that regulate various body functions, including reaction to the environment, blood substance levels, metabolism, growth, immune responses, and sexual development and function.

    Hormones

    • Hormones are organic chemicals produced by one set of cells that have an effect on a different set of cells.
    • Hormones have a specific organ of origin, target organ, and specific action.
    • Hormones dissolve into blood plasma and travel to specific body regions through the bloodstream to reach their target cells.
    • It takes time for a hormone to be produced, released into the bloodstream, circulate, and eventually reach its target cell.

    Lock and Key Mechanism

    • Hormones interact with their intended target cells through a lock and key mechanism, where each hormone fits into a very specific receptor on the cell surface.
    • If the hormone does not fit the receptor, it cannot attach to the cell.

    Classes of Hormones

    • There are two major classes of hormones: peptide hormones and steroid hormones.
    • Peptide hormones are derived from proteins (peptides and catecholamines) and attach to the outside of the cell, activating existing enzymes for quick action.
    • Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, pass through the plasma membrane, and alter protein synthesis for slower but longer-lasting action.

    Types of Glands

    • There are two main types of glands in the body: endocrine glands and exocrine glands.
    • Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
    • Exocrine glands, found in the digestive system, have ducts and secrete into an epithelial surface.

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    Description

    Learn about the endocrine system's anatomy, including the location of endocrine organs in the body and an introduction to hormones. Understand how the endocrine system regulates body functions.

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